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Shloka 54

Nala’s Embassy to Damayantī and the Gods’ Proposal (नलस्य दूतत्वं देवप्रस्तावश्च)

ब॒हृदश्च उवाच शृणू राजन्नवहित: सह भ्रातृभिरच्युत । यस्त्वत्तो द:खिततरो राजा55सीत्‌ पृथिवीपते,बृहदश्वने कहा--राजन्‌! अपने धर्मसे कभी च्युत न होनेवाले भूपाल! तुम भाइयोंसहित सावधान होकर सुनो। इस पृथ्वीपर जो तुमसे भी अधिक दुःखी राजा था, उसका परिचय देता हूँ

bṛhadaśva uvāca | śṛṇu rājann avahitaḥ saha bhrātṛbhir acyuta | yas tvatto duḥkhitataro rājāsīt pṛthivīpate, tasya te paricayaṃ vakṣye ||

Bṛhadaśva said: “Listen attentively, O King, together with your brothers, O unwavering one. On this earth there once was a king even more afflicted by sorrow than you, O lord of the land; I shall tell you who he was.”

बृहदश्वःBṛhadaśva (proper name)
बृहदश्वः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहदश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शृणुlisten
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अवहितःattentive, heedful
अवहितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवहित (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
भ्रातृभिःwith (your) brothers
भ्रातृभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अच्युतO Acyuta (unfallen one)
अच्युत:
TypeNoun
Rootअच्युत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वत्तःthan you / from you
त्वत्तः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative, Singular
दुःखिततरःmore afflicted, more sorrowful
दुःखिततरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखिततर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृथिवीपतेO lord of the earth
पृथिवीपते:
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवीपति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

ब॒हृदश्च उवाच

B
Bṛhadaśva
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (implied by 'rājan' in context)
P
Pāṇḍava brothers (bhrātṛbhiḥ)
P
Pṛthivī (the earth)

Educational Q&A

Steadfastness in dharma amid suffering: the speaker prepares the king to learn from an even harsher example, implying that sorrow is not unique and that ethical composure and attentive listening to wise counsel are necessary for endurance and right action.

Bṛhadaśva addresses the king (with his brothers present) and introduces an instructive story about another ruler who suffered even more. This functions as a transition into a consolatory, exemplary narrative meant to guide the listener through adversity.