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Shloka 88

Duryodhana’s Śaraṇāgati and the Pāṇḍavas’ Resolve

Gandharva Encounter

यदा रुद्ररथं क्रुद्धो महिष: सहसा गत: । रेसतू रोदसी गाढं मुमुहुश्च महर्षय:,जब क्रोधमें भरे हुए महिषासुरने सहसा भगवान्‌ रुद्रके रथपर आक्रमण किया, उस समय पृथ्वी और आकाशमें भारी कोलाहल मच गया और महर्षिगण भी घबरा गये

yadā rudra-rathaṁ kruddho mahiṣaḥ sahasā gataḥ | resatū rodasī gāḍhaṁ mumuhuś ca maharṣayaḥ ||

Mārkaṇḍeya said: When the buffalo-demon, inflamed with wrath, suddenly rushed upon Rudra’s chariot, earth and sky resounded with a heavy tumult, and even the great seers were shaken with alarm. The scene shows how uncontrolled anger and violent aggression disturb not only foes but the moral and cosmic order itself, unsettling even those devoted to austerity and insight.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
Formtemporal adverb
रुद्र-रथम्Rudra's chariot
रुद्र-रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरुद्ररथ
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
क्रुद्धःenraged
क्रुद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
महिषःMahisha (the buffalo-demon)
महिषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहिष
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
Formadverb
गतःwent / rushed (towards)
गतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formpast participle (क्त), masculine, nominative, singular
रेसतुःroared / resounded (the two)
रेसतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootरस्
Formperfect (लिट्), 3rd person, dual
रोदसीheaven and earth
रोदसी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरोदसी
Formfeminine (dual-only), nominative, dual
गाढम्intensely / strongly
गाढम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगाढ
Formneuter, accusative, singular (used adverbially)
मुमुहुःbecame bewildered / were confounded
मुमुहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootमुह्
Formperfect (लिट्), 3rd person, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formconjunction
महर्षयःgreat sages
महर्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
R
Rudra (Śiva)
R
Rudra’s chariot
M
Mahiṣa (Mahiṣāsura, buffalo-demon)
E
Earth (pṛthivī implied by rodasī)
S
Sky/Heaven (dyauḥ implied by rodasī)
M
Maharṣis (great seers)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how rage-driven, sudden violence (krodha + sahasā) disrupts the wider order—symbolized by earth and sky roaring—and can unsettle even sages. Ethically, it cautions that uncontrolled anger is not merely personal; it becomes socially and cosmically destabilizing.

The buffalo-demon, enraged, suddenly charges toward Rudra’s chariot. The impact of this assault is portrayed as so tremendous that the very realms of earth and sky thunder, and the assembled great seers are momentarily bewildered and alarmed.