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Shloka 16

इन्द्रस्य दुःखप्राप्तिः—त्रिशिरोवधः, वृत्रोत्पत्तिः, जृम्भिकाजननम्

Indra’s Distress: Slaying of Triśiras, Birth of Vṛtra, and the Origin of Yawning

नित्यं संदर्शयामासुस्तथैवाड्रेषु सौष्ठवम्‌ । नाभ्यगच्छत्‌ प्रहर्ष ता: स पश्यन्‌ सुमहातपा:

nityaṃ saṃdarśayāmāsus tathaivāḍreṣu sauṣṭhavam | nābhyagacchat praharṣa tāḥ sa paśyan sumahātapāḥ ||

They would continually display the same excellence even amid hardships; yet no thrill of delight arose. Though he watched them, that mighty ascetic—of great austerity—did not attain exhilaration, remaining inwardly unmoved.

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
संदर्शयामासुःthey showed / caused to be seen
संदर्शयामासुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+दृश्
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), perfect (narrative past), 3, plural
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अद्रेषुon/among the mountains
अद्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि
Formmasculine, locative, plural
सौष्ठवम्beauty, excellence
सौष्ठवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौष्ठव
Formneuter, accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभ्यगच्छत्attained, came to (experienced)
अभ्यगच्छत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+गम्
Formलङ् (परस्मैपद), imperfect (past), 3, singular
प्रहर्षम्joy, exhilaration
प्रहर्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रहर्ष
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
ताःthem (f.)
ताः:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formfeminine, accusative, plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पश्यन्seeing
पश्यन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
सुमहातपाःof very great austerity (very ascetic)
सुमहातपाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहातप
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

शल्य उवाच

शल्य (Śalya)
सुमहातपा (a great ascetic; unnamed)

Educational Q&A

True austerity and ethical steadiness are shown by remaining unshaken by displays meant to provoke pleasure or excitement; inner discipline is measured by non-reactivity to temptation.

Śalya describes a situation where certain people repeatedly present excellence or pleasing displays even in adverse circumstances, but the great ascetic who observes them does not feel exhilaration—highlighting his restraint and detachment.