Shloka 42

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम, क्रोध, लोभ, भय और पाँचवाँ स्वप्र--ये पाँच दोष बताये हैं उनका पूर्णतया उच्छेद करे। इनमेंसे क्रोधको शम (मनोनिग्रह) के द्वारा जीते, कामको संकल्पके त्यागद्वारा पराजित करे तथा धीर पुरुष सत्वगुणका सेवन करनेसे निद्राका उच्छेद कर सकता है

Transliteration

sattvasaṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yoge ye doṣāḥ kāmaḥ krodho lobho bhayaṃ ca pañcamaḥ svapnaḥ—etān pañca doṣān samyag ucchedayet | teṣāṃ madhye krodhaṃ śamena (manonigrahena) jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpatyāgena parājayet, tathā dhīraḥ sattvaguṇasaṃsevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṃ kuryāt ||

Translation

Vyāsa says: By cultivating sattva, a steadfast person becomes fit to cut off excessive sleep. A wise practitioner should completely uproot the five faults taught in yoga—desire, anger, greed, fear, and, as the fifth, dreaming. Among these, anger is to be conquered through śama (restraint of the mind), desire is to be defeated by abandoning self-willed resolve, and through the steady practice of sattva one can overcome sleep.

Word by Word

• {'sattva-saṃsevana': 'cultivation/constant resort to sattva (clarity, balance, purity)', 'dhīra': 'steadfast, self-possessed person', 'nidrā': 'sleep

• here, lethargy/excessive sleep as an obstacle', 'ucchettum / uccheda': 'to cut off, eradicate, uproot', 'vidvān': 'the wise, learned practitioner', 'yoga': 'discipline of inner control

• spiritual practice', 'doṣa': 'fault, defect, obstacle', 'kāma': 'desire, craving', 'krodha': 'anger', 'lobha': 'greed', 'bhaya': 'fear', 'svapna': 'dreaming

• mental agitation in sleep', 'śama': 'calmness

• mental restraint/control (manonigraha)', 'manonigraha': 'restraint of the mind', 'saṅkalpa-tyāga': 'abandoning (self-centered) resolve/volitional craving

• renunciation of impulsive intentions', 'parājayet': 'should defeat, overcome', 'jayet': 'should conquer'}

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa