Shloka 3

नृशंस-लक्षणनिर्णयः | Determining the Marks of Cruel Conduct

Nṛśaṃsa

Devanagari script

ततः क्रुद्ध: श्वसन वायु: पातयन्‌ वै महाद्रुमान्‌ । आजगामाथ तं॑ देशमास्ते यत्र स शाल्मलि:,तत्पश्चात्‌ सबेरा होनेपर वायुदेव कुपित हो बड़े-बड़े वृक्षोंको धराशायी करते हुए उस स्थानपर आये, जहाँ वह सेमलका वृक्ष था

Transliteration

tataḥ kruddhaḥ śvasan vāyuḥ pātayan vai mahādrumān | ājagāmātha taṃ deśam āste yatra sa śālmalī ||

Translation

Then the Wind-god, enraged and roaring, came to that region, felling great trees as he went, to the very place where that śālmalī (silk-cotton) tree stood. The episode underscores how uncontrolled wrath, even in a mighty power, manifests as indiscriminate destruction before it reaches its intended object.

Word by Word

• ततः: thereafter; then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: indeclinable (ablatival adverb: 'from/thereafter')

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• श्वसन्: breathing; blowing
• श्वसन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्वस्
• Form: present active participle, masculine, nominative, singular

• वायुः: wind
• वायुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• पातयन्: causing to fall; felling
• पातयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत्
• Form: causative present active participle (पातयत्), masculine, nominative, singular

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै
• Form: indeclinable particle

• महाद्रुमान्: great trees
• महाद्रुमान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाद्रुम
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• आजगाम: came; arrived
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम्
• Form: perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

• अथ: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ
• Form: indeclinable

• तम्: that
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• देशम्: place; region
• देशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देश
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• आस्ते: is; stands; remains
• Type: Verb
• Root: आस्
• Form: present (लट्), 3rd person, singular, ātmanepada

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र
• Form: indeclinable relative adverb

• सः: he/that (one)
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• शाल्मलिः: śālmali tree (silk-cotton tree)
• शाल्मलिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाल्मलि
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu (Wind-god)
• śālmalī tree
• mahādruma (great trees)
• deśa (that region/place)