Shloka 4
नृशंस-लक्षणनिर्णयः | Determining the Marks of Cruel Conduct
Nṛśaṃsa
त॑ हीनपर्ण पतिताग्रशाखं निशीर्णपुष्पं प्रसमीक्ष्य वायु: । उवाच वाक्यं स्मयमान एवं मुदा युत: शाल्मलिमुग्रशाखम्,वायुने देखा कि सेमलके पत्ते गिर गये हैं और उसकी श्रेष्ठ शाखाएँ धराशायी हो गयी हैं। यह फूलोंसे भी हीन हो चुका है, तब वे बड़े प्रसन्न हुए और जिसकी शाखाएँ पहले बड़ी भंयकर थीं, उस सेमलसे मुसकराते हुए इस प्रकार बोले
taṁ hīna-parṇaṁ patitāgra-śākhaṁ niśīrṇa-puṣpaṁ prasmīkṣya vāyuḥ | uvāca vākyaṁ smayamāna evaṁ mudā yutaḥ śālmalim ugra-śākham ||
Bhishma said: Seeing the śālmali tree stripped of leaves, its topmost branches fallen, and its flowers withered away, the Wind—now delighted—smiled and addressed that once-fierce-branched tree. The scene frames a moral contrast: when pride and outward grandeur collapse, the wise observe the change and speak to expose the lesson hidden in decline.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse sets up an ethical lesson about the fragility of external power and pride: when the imposing tree loses its leaves, blossoms, and lofty branches, its former terror is revealed as temporary. The Wind’s pleased, smiling address signals a didactic moment—decline becomes the occasion to expose arrogance and point toward humility and right conduct.
In Bhishma’s discourse, the Wind personified observes the śālmali tree now ruined—leafless, flowerless, and with its upper branches fallen. Seeing this reversal, Vayu, delighted, speaks to the tree, initiating a moralizing dialogue typical of Shanti Parva’s instructive tales.