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Shloka 5

Śaraṇāgata-Atithi-Dharma in the Kapota Narrative (कपोत-आख्यानम्—शरणागतधर्मः)

सम्प्रदीप्तेषु देशेषु ब्राह्मणे चातिपीडिते । अवर्षति च पर्जन्ये मिथो भेदे समुत्थिते,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--प्रजानाथ! भरतनन्दन! भूपाल-शिरोमणे! जब सब लोगोंके द्वारा धर्मका उल्लंघन होनेके कारण श्रेष्ठ धर्म क्षीण हो चले, अधर्मको धर्म मान लिया जाय और धर्मको अधर्म समझा जाने लगे, सारी मर्यादाएँ नष्ट हो जाया, धर्मका निश्चय डावाँडोल हो जाय, राजा अथवा शत्रु प्रजाको पीड़ा देने लगें, सभी आश्रम किंकर्तव्यविमूढ़ हो जायूँ, धर्म-कर्म नष्ट हो जायूँ, काम, लोभ तथा मोहके कारण सबको सर्वत्र भय दिखायी देने लगे, किसीका किसीपर विश्वास न रह जाय, सभी सदा डरते रहें, लोग धोखेसे एक-दूसरेको मारने लगें, सभी आपसमें ठगी करने लगें, देशमें सब ओर आग लगायी जाने लगे, ब्राह्मण अत्यन्त पीड़ित हो जाय, वृष्टि न हो, परस्पर वैर-विरोध और फूट बढ़ जाय और पृथ्वीपर जीविकाके सारे साधन लुटेरोंके अधीन हो जाय, तब ऐसा अधम समय उपस्थित होनेपर ब्राह्मण किस उपायसे जीवन-निर्वाह करे?

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

sampradīpteṣu deśeṣu brāhmaṇe cātipīḍite |

avarṣati ca parjanye mitho bhede samutthite ||

Yudhiṣṭhira said: “O lord of the people, when regions are ablaze with turmoil, when the brāhmaṇa is grievously oppressed, when the rain-god withholds his showers, and when mutual divisions and hostilities have arisen—when such a degraded time prevails—by what means should a brāhmaṇa sustain his life?”

सम्प्रदीप्तेषुin (places) blazing/aflame
सम्प्रदीप्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्प्रदीप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
देशेषुin regions/countries
देशेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
ब्राह्मणेwhen/where the Brahmin (class) is
ब्राह्मणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतिपीडितेwhen (he/it) is greatly oppressed
अतिपीडिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिपीडित
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अवर्षतिdoes not rain
अवर्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootवृष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पर्जन्येwhen the rain-cloud (Parjanya) is (so)
पर्जन्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मिथःmutually/with one another
मिथः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथः
भेदेin division/schism
भेदे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभेद
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
समुत्थितेwhen arisen/when it has arisen
समुत्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमुत्थित
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Brāhmaṇa
P
Parjanya (rain/rain-god)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an apad (calamity) scenario—social breakdown, oppression of the brāhmaṇa, and drought—and asks how a brāhmaṇa should preserve life without abandoning dharma. It introduces the ethical problem of livelihood and conduct when normal duties and social supports collapse.

In Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira questions Bhīṣma about right conduct. Here he describes a time of widespread disorder—lands in turmoil, brāhmaṇas oppressed, rains failing, and factions rising—and asks what practical means a brāhmaṇa should adopt to live through such a degraded age.