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Shloka 4

Śaraṇāgata-Atithi-Dharma in the Kapota Narrative (कपोत-आख्यानम्—शरणागतधर्मः)

अविश्वस्तेषु सर्वेषु नित्यं भीतेषु पार्थिव । निकृत्या हन्यमानेषु वज्चयत्सु परस्परम्‌,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--प्रजानाथ! भरतनन्दन! भूपाल-शिरोमणे! जब सब लोगोंके द्वारा धर्मका उल्लंघन होनेके कारण श्रेष्ठ धर्म क्षीण हो चले, अधर्मको धर्म मान लिया जाय और धर्मको अधर्म समझा जाने लगे, सारी मर्यादाएँ नष्ट हो जाया, धर्मका निश्चय डावाँडोल हो जाय, राजा अथवा शत्रु प्रजाको पीड़ा देने लगें, सभी आश्रम किंकर्तव्यविमूढ़ हो जायूँ, धर्म-कर्म नष्ट हो जायूँ, काम, लोभ तथा मोहके कारण सबको सर्वत्र भय दिखायी देने लगे, किसीका किसीपर विश्वास न रह जाय, सभी सदा डरते रहें, लोग धोखेसे एक-दूसरेको मारने लगें, सभी आपसमें ठगी करने लगें, देशमें सब ओर आग लगायी जाने लगे, ब्राह्मण अत्यन्त पीड़ित हो जाय, वृष्टि न हो, परस्पर वैर-विरोध और फूट बढ़ जाय और पृथ्वीपर जीविकाके सारे साधन लुटेरोंके अधीन हो जाय, तब ऐसा अधम समय उपस्थित होनेपर ब्राह्मण किस उपायसे जीवन-निर्वाह करे?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

aviśvasteṣu sarveṣu nityaṁ bhīteṣu pārthiva |

nikṛtyā hanyamāneṣu vañcayatsu parasparam ||

Yudhiṣṭhira said: “O king, when all people have become distrustful, when they live in constant fear, when they are slain through treachery, and when they deceive one another—when such a degraded time prevails and the very standards of right conduct collapse—by what means should a brāhmaṇa sustain his life?”

अविश्वस्तेषुamong the distrustful / where there is no trust
अविश्वस्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअविश्वस्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
सर्वेषुin all (people/places)
सर्वेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
भीतेषुamong the frightened
भीतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निकृत्याby deceit/treachery
निकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनिकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
हन्यमानेषुwhen (people) are being killed
हन्यमानेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
वञ्चयत्सुwhen (people) are cheating
वञ्चयत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवञ्च्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
परस्परम्each other / mutually
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
pārthiva (the king addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral crisis: when society is ruled by fear, distrust, and treachery, even basic duties become uncertain. It raises the ethical problem of how a brāhmaṇa—ideally committed to non-violence, truth, and restraint—can preserve life without abandoning dharma in a time dominated by adharma.

In Śānti Parva’s discourse on governance and righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a king and describes a breakdown of social trust and safety—people cheat and kill one another through deceit. He asks what practical means of livelihood remain for a brāhmaṇa when public order and moral norms have collapsed.