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Shloka 51

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

वध्यन्ते युगपत्‌ केचिदेकैकस्य न चापरे । कालो दहति भूतानि सम्प्राप्पाग्निरिवेन्धनम्‌

vadhyante yugapat kecid ekaikasya na cāpare | kālo dahati bhūtāni samprāptāgnir ivendhanam ||

Some are struck down all at once, while others are not destroyed one by one. Time consumes living beings the way a fire, once it has reached its fuel, burns it up—impartially and inevitably.

वध्यन्तेare slain
वध्यन्ते:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवध्
FormLat, Atmanepada, Karmani, 3, Plural
युगपत्simultaneously
युगपत्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयुगपत्
केचित्some (persons/beings)
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एकैकस्यof each one (separately)
एकैकस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootएकैक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कालःTime (Death)
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दहतिburns/consumes
दहति:
TypeVerb
Rootदह्
FormLat, Parasmaipada, Kartari, 3, Singular
भूतानिbeings/creatures
भूतानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
सम्प्राप्यhaving reached/attained
सम्प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-आप्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Kartari
अग्निःfire
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
इन्धनम्fuel
इन्धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्धन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच

ब्रह्मदत्त (Brahmadatta)
काल (Time)
अग्नि (Fire)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the inevitability and impartiality of Kāla (Time): death and destruction do not follow a predictable, orderly sequence. Recognizing this supports ethical sobriety and detachment—one should not presume control over outcomes, but act rightly while time remains.

Brahmadatta reflects on how beings meet destruction in different ways—some suddenly, some not in a neat one-by-one order—and illustrates this with the image of fire consuming fuel once it reaches it, emphasizing the unstoppable force of Time.