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Shloka 34

Adhyāya 6: Śibira-dvāra-sthita Bhūta-varṇana and Aśvatthāmā’s Śaraṇāgati to Mahādeva

कपालमालिन रुद्रं भगनेत्रहरं हरम्‌ । स हि देवो>त्यगाद्‌ देवांस्तपसा विक्रमेण च । तस्माच्छरणमभ्येमि गिरिशं शूलपघाणिनम्‌,“भगवान्‌ शंकर तपस्या और पराक्रममें सब देवताओंसे बढ़कर हैं; अतः मैं उन्हीं रोग- शोकसे रहित, जटाजूटधारी, देवताओंके भी देवता, भगवती उमाके प्राणवल्लभ, कपाल- मालाधारी, भगनेत्र-विनाशक, पापहारी, त्रिशूलधारी एवं पर्वतपर शयन करनेवाले रुद्रदेवकी शरणमें जाता हूँ

kapālamālinam rudraṁ bhaganetra-haraṁ haram | sa hi devo 'tyagād devāṁs tapasā vikrameṇa ca | tasmāc charaṇam abhyemi giriśaṁ śūla-pāṇinam ||

Sañjaya said: “I seek refuge in Rudra—Hara—who wears a garland of skulls and who destroyed Bhaga’s eye. For that God surpasses the other gods by austerity and by heroic power. Therefore I go for shelter to Giriśa, the wielder of the trident.”

कपालमालिनम्wearing a garland of skulls
कपालमालिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकपालमालिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रुद्रम्Rudra
रुद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरुद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भगनेत्रहरम्destroyer of Bhaga's eye
भगनेत्रहरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभगनेत्रहर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हरम्Hara (Śiva)
हरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
देवःthe god
देवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अत्यगात्surpassed/went beyond
अत्यगात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-गम्
FormAorist, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
देवान्the gods
देवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
विक्रमेणby prowess/valor
विक्रमेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
शरणम्refuge
शरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अभ्येमिI go to/seek
अभ्येमि:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-इ
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
गिरिशम्Lord of the mountain (Śiva)
गिरिशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगिरिश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शूलपाणिनम्the trident-handed one
शूलपाणिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूलपाणि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
Rudra
H
Hara (Śiva)
G
Giriśa (Śiva)
B
Bhaga
D
Devas
Ś
Śūla (trident)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents śaraṇāgati (seeking refuge) in Śiva as the highest protector, grounding his supremacy in two ideals: tapas (disciplined austerity) and vikrama (courageous power). Ethically, it implies that true authority is not mere status among gods but earned through self-mastery and righteous strength.

In the tense aftermath of the war (Sauptika Parva), Sañjaya utters an invocation to Śiva, naming him through powerful epithets (skull-garlanded, destroyer of Bhaga’s eye, trident-bearer) and explicitly declaring his refuge in him, framing the coming events under Śiva’s overwhelming ascetic and martial potency.