Shloka 40
Devanagari script
ते सर्वे तावकान प्रेक्ष्य द्रयतो5पि पराड्मुखान्
Transliteration
te sarve tāvakān prekṣya dravatopi parāṅmukhān
Translation
Sañjaya said: Seeing all your men turning their backs and fleeing in haste, he marked their rout plainly.
Word by Word
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तावकान्your men (your side's warriors)
तावकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रेक्ष्यhaving seen
प्रेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + ईक्ष्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
द्रवत:running, fleeing
द्रवत::
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रवत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
पराङ्मुखान्turned away, facing away (with backs turned)
पराङ्मुखान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s troops (Kaurava army)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
In war and in life, collective strength depends on steadiness and discipline; when fear spreads and people turn away from their duty, even a large force can collapse into flight.
Sañjaya reports that the Kaurava troops are seen fleeing with their backs turned—an indication of a sudden rout or loss of cohesion on Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s side during the battle.