Shloka 10

Devanagari script

तया हतः पतितो वेपमानो दुःशासनो गदया वेगवत्या । विध्वस्तवर्मा भरणाम्बरस्रग्‌ विचेष्टमानो भृशवेदनातुर:,दुःशासन उस वेगवती गदाके आघातसे धरतीपर गिरकर काँपने और अत्यन्त वेदनासे व्याकुल हो छटपटाने लगा। उसका कवच टूट गया, आभूषण और हार बिखर गये तथा कपड़े फट गये थे

Transliteration

tayā hataḥ patito vepamāno duḥśāsano gadayā vegavatyā | vidhvastavarmā bharaṇāmbarasrag viceṣṭamāno bhṛśavedanāturaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Struck by that swift, forceful mace, Duḥśāsana fell to the ground, trembling. His armor was shattered; his ornaments, garlands, and garments were thrown into disarray. Writhing in agony, he lay overwhelmed by intense pain.

Word by Word

• तया: by her/with that (weapon/strike implied)
• तया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (स्त्रीलिङ्ग सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• हतः: struck, smitten
• हतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पतितः: fallen
• पतितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत् (धातु) → पतित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वेपमानः: trembling
• वेपमानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वेप् (धातु) → वेपमान (वर्तमान-कृदन्त/शतृ)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दुःशासनः: Duhshasana
• दुःशासनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन (प्रातिपदिक, व्यक्तिनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गदया: with a mace
• गदया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गदा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• वेगवत्या: swift/forceful
• वेगवत्या: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वेगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• विध्वस्त-वर्मा: whose armor was shattered
• विध्वस्त-वर्मा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विध्वस्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + वर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भरण-अम्बर-स्रक्: ornaments, garments, and garland
• भरण-अम्बर-स्रक्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरण (प्रातिपदिक) + अम्बर (प्रातिपदिक) + स्रज्/स्रक् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• विचेष्टमानः: writhing, struggling
• विचेष्टमानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चेष्ट् (धातु) → विचेष्टमान (वर्तमान-कृदन्त/शतृ)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भृश-वेदना-आतुरः: distressed by intense pain
• भृश-वेदना-आतुरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भृश (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) + वेदना (प्रातिपदिक) + आतुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duḥśāsana
• gadā (mace)
• varman (armor)
• bharaṇa (ornaments)
• ambara (garments)
• srag (garland)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the stark moral reality of war: physical might and arrogance collapse into vulnerability and pain. It implicitly warns that violent action culminates in suffering, and that battlefield glory is inseparable from grievous human cost.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Duḥśāsana is struck by a fast, powerful mace-blow, falls to the ground trembling, his armor broken and his ornaments and clothing disordered, and he writhes in severe pain.