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Shloka 17

अर्जुनस्य शीघ्रप्रयाणं भीम-शकुनियुद्धं च

Arjuna’s Rapid Advance and the Bhīma–Śakuni Encounter

यमाभ्यां ददृशे रूपं कालान्तकयमोपमम्‌ । उस समय जब आकाश आच्छादित होकर बाणमय हो रहा था, तब नकुल और सहदेवने आपके पुत्रका स्वरूप काल, अन्तक एवं यमराजके समान भयंकर देखा ।। पराक्रमं तु तं दृष्टवा तव सूनोर्महारथा:

yamābhyāṃ dadṛśe rūpaṃ kālāntakayama-upamam | us samaya jab ākāśa ācchādita hokara bāṇamaya ho rahā thā, tab nakula aura sahadeva ne āpke putra kā svarūpa kāla, antaka evaṃ yamarāja ke samān bhayaṅkara dekhā || parākramaṃ tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā tava sūnor mahārathāḥ

Sañjaya said: When the sky was veiled and seemed to turn into a rain of arrows, Nakula and Sahadeva beheld your son’s form as terrifying—like Time itself, like Death, like Yama. Yet, seeing the prowess of your son, the great chariot-warriors… (the narration continues).

यमाभ्याम्by/with the two Yamas
यमाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
ददृशेwas seen/appeared
ददृशे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
रूपम्form, appearance
रूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कालान्तकयमोपमम्comparable to Kāla, Antaka and Yama
कालान्तकयमोपमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकालान्तकयमोपम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पराक्रमम्valor, prowess
पराक्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपराक्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तम्him/that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular, 2nd
सूनोःof (your) son
सूनोः:
TypeNoun
Rootसूनु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
Y
Yama
K
Kāla
A
Antaka
S
sky (ākāśa)
A
arrows (bāṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how battlefield power can appear as an embodiment of Time and Death—reminding the listener that martial prowess inspires awe but is inseparable from mortality and moral consequence (Yama as judge). It frames war as a domain where human agency meets inexorable fate.

During an intense exchange of missiles, the sky is obscured by arrows. In that moment, Nakula and Sahadeva perceive Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son as fearsome like Kāla, Antaka, and Yama. The next line begins to describe how, upon witnessing his prowess, the great warriors respond (the sentence continues beyond this excerpt).