Shloka 45

कर्णवधार्थं धनञ्जयस्य प्रतिज्ञा — Arjuna’s resolve for Karṇa’s defeat

Devanagari script

ततः संशप्तका भूय: परिवद्रर्थनंजयम्‌

Transliteration

tataḥ saṁśaptakā bhūyaḥ parivadrarthanañjayam

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then the Saṁśaptakas once again surrounded Arjuna, pressing him hard on every side—renewing their fierce vow to engage him in battle and keep him from his larger purpose.

Word by Word

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततस्
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereafter')

• संशप्तकाः: the Saṁśaptakas (a warrior band)
• संशप्तकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशप्तक
• Form: Masculine, nominative, plural

• भूयः: again; once more
• भूयः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूयस्
• Form: Avyaya (adverb)

• परिवव्रुः: surrounded; encompassed
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते; to surround/cover)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, plural, Parasmaipada

• अर्थनंजयम्: Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)
• अर्थनंजयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, accusative, singular (epithet: 'Dhanañjaya')

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Saṁśaptakas
• Arjuna (Ananjaya)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical weight of vows and resolve in war: the Saṁśaptakas repeatedly renew their pledged confrontation, showing how determination—whether righteous or misguided—drives action and escalates conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that the Saṁśaptaka warriors again close in around Arjuna, attempting to bind him in combat and obstruct his movements by encirclement and relentless pressure.