Shloka 30
Adhyāya 41 — Kṛṣṇa’s Battlefield Briefing and the Renewal of the Great Engagement
कालस्त्वयं प्रत्युययाति दारुणो दुर्योधनो युद्धमुपागमद् यत्
kālas tv ayaṃ pratyuyayāti dāruṇo duryodhano yuddham upāgamad yat
Sañjaya said: “This grim and relentless Time is turning back upon us; for Duryodhana has advanced into battle.”
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames war not only as human strategy but as the working of Kāla (Time/fate): once a leader chooses the path of violence and pride, consequences return with harsh inevitability. It underscores moral causality—decisions ripen into unavoidable outcomes.
Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the situation has become dire: a dreadful turn of events is unfolding because Duryodhana has gone forward into the battle, signaling escalation and the nearing of catastrophic results.