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Shloka 28

कर्णेन युधिष्ठिरानीकविदारणम् / Karṇa’s Breach of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Battle-Line

दश नागपतीनीषां धृतराष्ट्रमुखांस्तदा । योक्‍त्राणि चक्रुर्नागांश्व॒ नि:श्वसन्‍तो महोरगान्‌,धृतराष्ट्र आदि दस नागराजोंको भी ईषादण्डमें ही स्थान दिया। फुफकारते हुए बड़े-बड़े सर्पोंको उस रथके जोत बनाये

daśa nāgapati-nīṣāṃ dhṛtarāṣṭra-mukhāṃs tadā | yoktrāṇi cakrur nāgāṃś ca niḥśvasanto mahoragān |

Duryodhana said: “Then those ten serpent-lords—headed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra—were assigned their places upon the pole of the chariot, and the great, hissing serpents were fashioned into the yoke-ropes.”

daśaten
daśa:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootdaśan
Formany, accusative, plural
nāga-patīnlords of serpents (nāga-kings)
nāga-patīn:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootnāga-pati
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
eṣāmof these
eṣām:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootidam
Formany, genitive, plural
dhṛtarāṣṭra-mukhānhaving Dhṛtarāṣṭra as the foremost (headed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
dhṛtarāṣṭra-mukhān:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootdhṛtarāṣṭra-mukha
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
tadāthen
tadā:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā
yoktrāṇiyokes, harnesses
yoktrāṇi:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootyoktra
Formneuter, accusative, plural
cakruḥthey made
cakruḥ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ
Formperfect (liṭ), 3rd, plural
nāgānserpents
nāgān:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootnāga
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
niḥśvasantaḥhissing/breathing out
niḥśvasantaḥ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootniḥ-śvas
Formmasculine, nominative, plural, present active (śatṛ)
mahā-uragāngreat serpents
mahā-uragān:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootmahā-uraga
Formmasculine, accusative, plural

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as a nāga-leader)
T
ten nāga-lords
G
great serpents (mahoragāḥ)
C
chariot pole (īṣā-daṇḍa, implied by the Hindi gloss)
Y
yoke-ropes (yoktrāṇi)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses mythic, fearsome imagery—serpents turned into harness—to underscore how the pursuit of victory can become rooted in intimidation and domination rather than dharma. It implicitly contrasts righteous strength with power that relies on terror and unnatural coercion.

Duryodhana describes a chariot arrangement in which ten serpent-kings, led by one named Dhṛtarāṣṭra, are positioned on the chariot’s pole, and great hissing serpents are made into the yoke-ropes—an ominous depiction of martial preparation.