Shloka 4

Devanagari script

ततो द्वैरथमानीय फाल्गुनं शक्रदत्तया । जघान न वृष: कस्मात्‌ तन्‍्ममाचक्ष्व संजय,संजय! इस प्रकार अर्जुनको द्वैरथयुद्धमें लाकर धर्मात्मा कर्णने इन्द्रकी दी हुई शक्तिसे उन्हें क्यों नहीं मार डाला? यह मुझे बताओ

Transliteration

tato dvairatham ānīya phālgunaṁ śakradattayā | jaghāna na vṛṣaḥ kasmāt tan mamācakṣva sañjaya ||

Translation

Then, having drawn Phālguna (Arjuna) into a direct chariot-to-chariot duel, why did Vṛṣa (Karna)—though righteous by his own code—fail to strike him down with the weapon-power bestowed by Śakra (Indra)? Tell me, Sañjaya.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from/then')

• द्वैरथम्: chariot-duel (single combat on chariots)
• द्वैरथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वैरथ
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आनीय: having brought (having led)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-नी
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), indeclinable; 'having brought'

• फाल्गुनम्: Phalguna (Arjuna)
• फाल्गुनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फाल्गुन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• शक्रदत्तया: with (the weapon) given by Shakra (Indra)
• शक्रदत्तया: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शक्र-दत्त
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• जघान: killed/struck down
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न
• Form: Negation

• वृषः: the bull among men (Karna)
• वृषः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कस्मात्: why/from what reason
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular (used adverbially: 'why/from what cause')

• तत्: that (matter)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मम: to me/of me
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• आचक्ष्व: tell/declare
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-चक्ष्
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person, Singular, Parasmaipada

• संजय: O Sanjaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

श्रीवायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyudeva
• Sañjaya
• Phālguna (Arjuna)
• Vṛṣa (Karna)
• Śakra (Indra)
• Śakra-dattā śakti (Indra’s bestowed power/weapon)