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Shloka 52

Śalya–Bhīma Gadāyuddham (मद्रराज-भीमसेन गदायुद्धम्)

पौरवस्त्वथ सौभद्रं शरब्रातैरवाकिरत्‌ । तस्यार्जुनिर्ध्वजं छत्र॑ धनुश्वोव्यामपातयत्‌,पौरवने सुभद्राकुमारपर बाणसमूहोंकी वर्षा प्रारम्भ कर दी। यह देख अर्जुनपुत्र अभिमन्युने उनके ध्वज, छत्र और धनुषको काटकर धरतीपर गिरा दिया

sañjaya uvāca |

pauravas tv atha saubhadraṃ śaravrātair avākirat |

tasyārjunir dhvajaṃ chatraṃ dhanuś ca vyāmapātayat ||

Sañjaya said: Then the Kaurava warriors showered Subhadrā’s son (Abhimanyu) with volleys of arrows. Seeing this, Arjuna’s son struck down their banner, their parasol, and their bow, casting them to the ground—an act meant to break their martial pride and weaken their resolve amid the press of battle.

पौरवःthe son of Puru / a Paurava (warrior)
पौरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपौरव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
सौभद्रम्Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā)
सौभद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौभद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शरव्रातैःwith clusters/multitudes of arrows
शरव्रातैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशरव्रात
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अवाकिरत्showered, covered (with arrows)
अवाकिरत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव √कॄ (किरति)
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्यof him / his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अर्जुनिःArjuna’s son (Abhimanyu)
अर्जुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ध्वजम्banner/standard
ध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
छत्रम्umbrella/parasol
छत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootछत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उभौboth (two items)
उभौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
व्याम्downwards, to the ground
व्याम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootव्या (व्यम्/व्याम् as adverbial form)
अपातयत्caused to fall, felled
अपातयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव √पत् (पातयति)
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Yes

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Paurava (Kaurava warriors)
S
Saubhadra (Abhimanyu)
Ā
Ārjuni (Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna)
D
dhvaja (banner/standard)
C
chatra (parasol)
D
dhanuḥ (bow)
Ś
śara (arrows)

Educational Q&A

In battle narratives, dharma is shown through disciplined courage and strategic restraint: rather than mere rage, the hero targets symbols and weapons (banner, parasol, bow) to reduce the enemy’s capacity and morale, reflecting kṣatriya skill directed toward a clear tactical purpose.

Kaurava fighters unleash a dense arrow-shower on Abhimanyu. Abhimanyu responds by striking down their visible emblems of honor (dhvaja, chatra) and their bow, making them fall—signaling a counterstroke that disrupts their formation and confidence.