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Shloka 58

Droṇa Encircled at Night: Coalition Advance and Battlefield Omens (द्रोणपर्यावरणं रात्रियुद्धवर्णनम्)

ततो दुःशासन: क्रुद्धो रथशक्तिं समाक्षिपत्‌ | सर्वपारसवीं तीक्ष्णां जिघांसु: पाण्डुनन्दनम्‌,उस समय कुपित हुए दुःशासनने पाण्डुनन्दन भीमसेनको मार डालनेकी इच्छासे उनके ऊपर एक तीखी रथशक्ति चलायी, जो सम्पूर्णतः लोहेकी बनी हुई थी

tato duḥśāsanaḥ kruddho rathaśaktiṁ samākṣipat | sarvapārasavīṁ tīkṣṇāṁ jighāṁsuḥ pāṇḍunandanam |

Sanjaya said: Then Duḥśāsana, inflamed with anger, hurled a sharp ratha-śakti—an iron missile forged wholly of metal—at the son of Pāṇḍu, intent on killing him.

ततःthen, thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereupon')
दुःशासनःDuhshasana
दुःशासनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःशासन
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
क्रुद्धःangry
क्रुद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुध्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (past participle used adjectivally)
रथशक्तिम्a chariot-spear (shakti weapon)
रथशक्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथशक्ति
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
समाक्षिपत्hurled, threw
समाक्षिपत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-क्षिप्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
सर्वपारसवीम्entirely of iron
सर्वपारसवीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वपारसवी
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
तीक्ष्णाम्sharp
तीक्ष्णाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
जिघांसुःdesiring to kill
जिघांसुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (desiderative participle: 'wishing to kill')
पाण्डुनन्दनम्Pandu's son (Bhima)
पाण्डुनन्दनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डुनन्दन
FormMasculine, accusative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duḥśāsana
P
Pāṇḍunandana (Bhīmasena)
R
ratha-śakti (weapon)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how anger (krodha) can dominate judgment and propel a person toward extreme harm. In the Mahābhārata’s ethical frame, such rage-driven intent to kill is a warning about the erosion of self-control and dharmic restraint, even amid legitimate warfare.

Duḥśāsana, furious, launches a sharp iron ratha-śakti at Pāṇḍu’s son—understood here as Bhīma—aiming to kill him. It is a battlefield escalation described by Sañjaya during the Drona Parva fighting.