Shloka 5

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 125: Duryodhana’s despair and vow after Jayadratha’s fall (जयद्रथवधे दुर्योधनविलापः)

Devanagari script

तमापतन्तमालोक्य सात्यकि: कौरवं रणे | अभिद्र॒ुत्य महाबाहुश्छादयामास सायकै:,कुरुवंशी दुःशासनको रणक्षेत्रमें आक्रमण करते देख महाबाहु सात्यकिने उसपर धावा करके अपने बाणोंद्वारा उसे आच्छादित कर दिया

Transliteration

tam āpatantam ālokya sātyakiḥ kauravaṃ raṇe | abhidrutya mahābāhuś chādayāmāsa sāyakaiḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Seeing the Kaurava rushing forward in the battle, the mighty-armed Sātyaki swiftly charged at him and covered him with a shower of arrows. In the ethical frame of the epic, this is protective valor in war—meeting aggression with disciplined force to check an advancing foe.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आपतन्तम्: rushing/charging (towards)
• आपतन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Participle
• Root: आपत् (धातु: पत्) / आपतन्त् (वर्तमान कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आलोक्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: आलोक् (धातु: लोक्)
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund)

• सात्यकिः: Satyaki
• सात्यकिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्यकि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कौरवम्: the Kaurava (warrior)
• कौरवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौरव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• अभिद्रुत्य: having rushed at / having charged
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभिद्रु (धातु: द्रु)
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund)

• महाबाहुः: the mighty-armed (one)
• महाबाहुः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाबाहु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• छादयामास: covered / showered (him)
• Type: Verb
• Root: छाद् (causative stem: छादय)
• Form: Perfect (Periphrastic Perfect), Third, Singular

• सायकैः: with arrows
• सायकैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सायक
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Sātyaki
• Kaurava (Duhśāsana, by context)
• battlefield (raṇa)
• arrows (sāyaka)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights kṣatriya conduct in war: when an opponent advances aggressively, a warrior may respond decisively and proportionately to restrain harm. Courage is shown as controlled action in defense of one’s side and order on the battlefield.

What is happening in the narrative?

Duhśāsana (a Kaurava) charges forward in the fight. Sātyaki sees this, rushes to meet him, and overwhelms him by covering him with a rapid volley of arrows.