Shloka 30

Duryodhana’s Anxiety, Bhīṣma’s Reassurance, and Renewed Mobilization (दुर्योधनचिन्ता–भीष्मप्रत्याश्वासन–सेनानिर्गमनम्)

Devanagari script

तस्य दृष्टवा तु तत्‌ कर्म परिवद्रु: सुतास्तव । दहन्तं समरे सैन्यं वने कक्ष यथोल्बणम्‌,जैसे वनमें लगी हुई प्रचण्ड आग तृणसमूहको अनायास ही जलाकर भस्म कर डालती है, उसी प्रकार अभिमन्यु उस समरांगणमें कौरवसेनाको दग्ध कर रहा था। उसके इस महान्‌ कर्मको देखकर आपके पुत्रोंने उसे सब ओरसे घेर लिया

Transliteration

tasya dṛṣṭvā tu tat karma parivadrūḥ sutās tava | dahantaṃ samare sainyaṃ vane kakṣa yatholbaṇam ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Seeing that deed of his—how he was burning up the army in battle like a fierce forest-fire consuming the dry undergrowth—your sons, alarmed by his prowess, surrounded him on all sides.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him/that
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कर्म: deed/action
• कर्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• परिवद्रुः: reviled/denounced (spoke against)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + वद्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• सुताः: sons
• सुताः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तव: your
• तव: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• दहन्तम्: burning
• दहन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: दह्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वने: in a forest
• वने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• कक्षम्: thicket/brushwood
• कक्षम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कक्ष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• यथा: as/just as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• उल्बणम्: fierce/violent
• उल्बणम्: Visheshana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उल्बण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'your')
• Kauravas (your sons)
• Abhimanyu (implied by context: the warrior burning the Kaurava army)
• Kaurava army
• Forest fire (simile)
• Forest undergrowth (kakṣa)