Shloka 14

Adhyāya 74 (Book 6, Bhīṣma-parva): Bhīma–Duryodhana re-engagement and afternoon escalation

Devanagari script

मद्रसौवीरगान्धारैस्त्रैगर्तै क्ष विशाम्पते । सर्वकालिज्रमुख्यैश्व कलिड्राधिपतिर्वृत:,प्रजानाथ! समस्त कलिंगदेशीय प्रमुख वीरोंसे घिरे हुए कलिंगराज भी युद्धके लिये आगे बढ़े। उनके साथ मद्र, सौवीर, गान्धार और त्रिगर्तदेशीय योद्धा भी मौजूद थे

Transliteration

madra-sauvīra-gāndhāraistrai-gartaiś ca viśāṃ pate | sarva-kāliṅgra-mukhyaiś ca kaliṅgādhipatir vṛtaḥ prajānātha |

Translation

Sañjaya said: “O lord of men, the king of Kaliṅga advanced for battle, surrounded by all the foremost warriors of the Kaliṅga realm. Along with him were fighters from Madra, Sauvīra, Gāndhāra, and Trigarta as well.”

Word by Word

• मद्र: Madra (people/warriors of Madra)
• मद्र: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative/Accusative (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)

• सौवीर: Sauvīra (people/warriors of Sauvīra)
• सौवीर: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौवीर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative/Accusative (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)

• गान्धारैः: by/with the Gāndhāras
• गान्धारैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गान्धार
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• त्रैगर्तैः: by/with the Trigartas
• त्रैगर्तैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रैगर्त
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• विशाम्: of the people/subjects
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• पते: O lord
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• सर्व: all
• सर्व: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)

• कालिङ्ग: Kaliṅga (of Kaliṅga)
• कालिङ्ग: Karana
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: कालिङ्ग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)

• ज्र: unclear/possibly corrupt reading
• ज्र: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्र
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)

• मुख्यैः: by/with the chiefs, foremost ones
• मुख्यैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective (substantive)
• Root: मुख्य
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कलिङ्ग: of Kaliṅga
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलिङ्ग
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (as member in compound), Singular

• अधिपतिः: the king/lord
• अधिपतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधिपति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वृतः: surrounded/encircled
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृ (वरणे)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रजानाथ: O lord of the people
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा + नाथ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kaliṅga (king of Kaliṅga)
• Kaliṅga
• Madra
• Sauvīra
• Gāndhāra
• Trigarta
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by addresses viśāṃ pate, prajānātha)