Shloka 15

Devanagari script

नानानरगणौघैश्व दुःशासनपुर:सर: । जयद्रथश्न नृपति: सहित: सर्वराजभि:,इनके सिवा राजा जयद्रथ सम्पूर्ण राजाओंको साथ ले दुःशासनको आगे करके चला। उसके साथ भी अनेक जनपदोंके लोगोंकी पैदल सेना मौजूद थी

Transliteration

nānā-nara-gaṇaughaiś ca duḥśāsana-puraḥsaraḥ | jayadrathaś ca nṛpatiḥ sahitaḥ sarva-rājabhiḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: With great masses of foot-soldiers drawn from many peoples, and with Duḥśāsana placed at the front, King Jayadratha advanced, accompanied by all the allied kings.

Word by Word

• नाना: various, many kinds of
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाना
• Form: indeclinable

• नर: of men
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• गण: of groups
• Type: Noun
• Root: गण
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• ओघैः: by/with floods (masses)
• ओघैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओघ
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: indeclinable

• दुःशासन: of Duhshasana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: masculine, genitive, singular

• पुरः: in front, ahead
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरस्
• Form: indeclinable (used as preverbial element in compound)

• सरः: going, moving (as leader)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सृ (धातु) + अ (प्रत्यय) → सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• जयद्रथः: Jayadratha
• जयद्रथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयद्रथ
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• नृपतिः: the king
• नृपतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपति
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• सहितः: accompanied (together)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• सर्व: with all
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural (agreeing with राजभिः)

• राजभिः: by/with kings
• राजभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duḥśāsana
• Jayadratha
• allied kings
• foot-soldiers (infantry)
• various peoples/regions (janapadas implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how collective action in war—alliances, mass mobilization, and the choice of who leads—amplifies consequences. Ethical responsibility is not limited to a single hero; it extends to commanders and allied rulers who enable and advance a cause.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes a Kaurava-aligned advance: Duḥśāsana is placed at the front, while King Jayadratha moves forward accompanied by many allied kings and large bodies of infantry drawn from various peoples.