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Shloka 11

Dāna as Prāyaścitta; Deathbed Gifts; Antyeṣṭi Procedures; Nārāyaṇa-bali for Untimely Deaths

अश्वो रथश्च महीषी व्यञ्जनं वस्त्रमेव च / ब्राह्मणेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं ब्रह्मपूर्वमपि स्वयम्

aśvo rathaśca mahīṣī vyañjanaṃ vastrameva ca / brāhmaṇebhyaḥ pradātavyaṃ brahmapūrvamapi svayam

A horse, a chariot, a buffalo, prepared foods, and clothing should be given to brāhmaṇas as gifts; and first of all, one should offer oneself—by honoring Brahman, the Sacred, before everything else.

aśvaḥhorse
aśvaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootaśva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
rathaḥchariot
rathaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Linker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
mahīṣībuffalo-cow (female buffalo)
mahīṣī:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahīṣī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
vyañjanamcondiment/food preparation
vyañjanam:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvyañjana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
vastramgarment
vastram:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvastra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle; emphasis)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Linker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
brāhmaṇebhyaḥto the Brahmins
brāhmaṇebhyaḥ:
Sampradāna (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative) बहुवचन (दाने चतुर्थ्यर्थे प्रयोगः/for recipients in giving)
pradātavyamshould be given
pradātavyam:
Kriyā (Verbal predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra + √dā (धातु) + tavya (तव्यत्)
Formकृदन्त (तव्यत्-प्रत्यय), कर्तव्यता (gerundive); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; 'is to be given'
brahmapūrvamwith Brahman first / preceded by Brahman (i.e., with sacred rites first)
brahmapūrvam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial)
apialso/even
api:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle; 'also/even')
svayamoneself/personally
svayam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (reflexive adverb)

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda)

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Śrāddha-associated gifting and antima-kāla charity; can be aligned with annual/parva śrāddha distributions.

Concept: Mahādāna to brāhmaṇas and ‘brahma-pūrvam’—placing the sacred first; self-offering as humility and surrender of ego.

Vedantic Theme: Ego-relinquishment (ahaṃkāra-kṣaya) as a bridge from ritual merit to inner purification; honoring Brahman as highest value.

Application: Support genuine spiritual learning and ethical teachers; give substantial resources; cultivate humility—serve before seeking benefit.

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: ritual gifting assembly

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: brāhmaṇa-pūjā and dāna as key śrāddha supports; Garuda Purana: antima-kāla dāna sequences and merit transfer motifs

B
Brahmanas
B
Brahman

FAQs

This verse frames specific gifts—transport, livestock, food, and clothing—as dharmic donations to Brahmanas, emphasizing that sacred priority (Brahman first) makes the act spiritually effective.

In the Preta-kāṇḍa context, prescribed dāna functions as supportive merit (puṇya) connected with post-death rites; the verse highlights that properly directed giving, rooted in reverence for Brahman, strengthens the ritual’s intended spiritual benefit.

Give essentials—food and clothing—along with meaningful support to qualified priests/teachers, and keep the act grounded in sincerity and sacred intention rather than display.