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Shloka 23

Kapila’s Analysis of Materialistic Life, Death, and the Path to Hell

Kāla, Karma, and Yamadūtas

तत्र तत्र पतञ्छ्रान्तो मूर्च्छित: पुनरुत्थित: । पथा पापीयसा नीतस्तरसा यमसादनम् ॥ २३ ॥

tatra tatra patañ chrānto mūrcchitaḥ punar utthitaḥ pathā pāpīyasā nītas tarasā yama-sādanam

While passing on that road to the abode of Yamarāja, he falls down in fatigue, and sometimes he becomes unconscious, but he is forced to rise again. In this way he is very quickly brought to the presence of Yamarāja.

तत्रthere
तत्र:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
तत्रhere and there
तत्र:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formपुनरुक्ति (repetition) for distributive sense
पतन्falling
पतन्:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject; concomitant action)
TypeVerb
Root√पत् (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले कर्तरि कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
श्रान्तःexhausted
श्रान्तः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रान्त (प्रातिपदिक; √श्रम्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
मूर्च्छितःfainted
मूर्च्छितः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject state)
TypeVerb
Root√मूर्छ् (धातु)
Formभूतकाले कर्तरि/भावे कृदन्त (Past participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पुनःagain
पुनः:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formकाल/पुनरावृत्ति-बोधक अव्यय (again)
उत्थितःrisen/gotten up
उत्थितः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (धातु)
Formभूतकाले कर्तरि कृदन्त (Past participle/क्त) with उपसर्ग उत्; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पथाby the path
पथा:
करण (Karaṇa/Means/route)
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
पापीयसाmore sinful/worse
पापीयसा:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootपापीयस् (प्रातिपदिक; comparative of पाप)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying पथा)
नीतःbeing led
नीतः:
कर्म (Karma/Patient)
TypeVerb
Root√नी (धातु)
Formभूतकाले कर्मणि कृदन्त (Past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तरसाswiftly/forcibly
तरसा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
TypeNoun
Rootतरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणार्थे (adverbial instrumental: 'swiftly/forcibly')
यमसादनम्the abode of Yama
यमसादनम्:
कर्म (Karma/Goal object)
TypeNoun
Rootयम-सादन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
Y
Yama

FAQs

This verse says the sinful soul is driven forcibly along a very inauspicious path—repeatedly falling, fainting, and being made to rise—until taken swiftly to Yama’s abode for judgment.

Kapila instructs Devahuti on the painful results of adverse fruitive actions so she may develop detachment from sin and material enjoyment, and turn toward devotional and liberating spiritual practice.

It encourages mindful living—avoiding harmful actions and cultivating dharma and bhakti—by remembering that choices have consequences that shape one’s future experience beyond this life.