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Shloka 37

Bhakti Yoga: The Three Modes of Devotion, Non-Envy, and Time as the Lord

रूपभेदास्पदं दिव्यं काल इत्यभिधीयते । भूतानां महदादीनां यतो भिन्नद‍ृशां भयम् ॥ ३७ ॥

rūpa-bhedāspadaṁ divyaṁ kāla ity abhidhīyate bhūtānāṁ mahad-ādīnāṁ yato bhinna-dṛśāṁ bhayam

The divine principle that underlies the transformations of material forms is called Time (kāla). Those who see only difference in the mahat-tattva and other elements become fearful of that Time.

rūpa-bheda-āspadamthe basis/locus of differences of forms
rūpa-bheda-āspadam:
Pradhāna-pada (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa + bheda + āspada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'the locus (āspada) of form-differences'
divyamdivine
divyam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdivya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with rūpa-bhedāspadam
kālaḥTime
kālaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; subject of abhidhīyate
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha-sūcaka (वाक्यार्थ-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)
abhidhīyateis called
abhidhīyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√dhā (धा धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्, present), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana; Ātmanepada passive (कर्मणि प्रयोग): 'is called/said'
bhūtānāmof beings
bhūtānām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana; genitive plural
mahat-ādīnāmof those beginning with Mahat
mahat-ādīnām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa: 'beginning with Mahat' (ādi)
yataḥfrom which; because of which
yataḥ:
Hetu-sūcaka (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyataḥ (अव्यय)
FormRelative adverb (यतः) = 'from which/wherefrom/because of which'
bhinna-dṛśāmof those with differing perceptions
bhinna-dṛśām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootbhinna + dṛś (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana; karmadhāraya: 'those whose vision is divided/different' (bhinna as qualifier)
bhayamfear
bhayam:
Kārya (कार्य/फल)
TypeNoun
Rootbhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; predicate/result noun

Everyone is afraid of the activities of time, but a devotee who knows that the time factor is another representation or manifestation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead has nothing to fear from the influence of time. The phrase rūpa-bhedāspadam is very significant. By the influence of time, so many forms are changing. For example, when a child is born his form is small, but in the course of time that form changes into a larger form, the body of a boy and then the body of a young man. Similarly, everything is changed and transformed by the time factor, or by the indirect control of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Usually, we do not see any difference between the body of a child and the body of a boy or young man because we know that these changes are due to the action of the time factor. There is cause for fear for a person who does not know how time acts.

L
Lord Kapila
D
Devahuti

FAQs

This verse states that divine Time (kāla) is the basis by which forms become differentiated, influencing the manifesting of beings from the mahat-tattva onward.

Fear arises when one sees reality through a divided, dualistic vision (bhinna-dṛṣṭi); under the influence of time and differentiation, beings appear separate, and separation breeds fear.

Train the mind to see unity under the Supreme (through bhakti and spiritual knowledge), replacing “separate-from” vision with “connected-to Bhagavan” vision, which weakens fear.