Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 46

Secondary Creation Begins: Brahmā’s Productions, the Guṇas, and the Emergence of Orders of Beings

ते तु तज्जगृहू रूपं त्यक्तं यत्परमेष्ठिना । मिथुनीभूय गायन्तस्तमेवोषसि कर्मभि: ॥ ४६ ॥

te tu taj jagṛhū rūpaṁ tyaktaṁ yat parameṣṭhinā mithunī-bhūya gāyantas tam evoṣasi karmabhiḥ

The Kimpuruṣas and Kinnaras took up that shadowy form left behind by Brahmā. Therefore, together with their spouses, at every dawn they sing his praises by recounting his deeds.

tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural) सर्वनाम
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formव्यतिरेक/विरोध-अव्यय (adversative particle)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular) सर्वनाम
jagṛhuḥthey took/accepted
jagṛhuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√grah (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)
rūpamform
rūpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
tyaktamabandoned/left
tyaktam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√tyaj (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषणम् (rūpam)
yatwhich
yat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular) सम्बन्धे (relative pronoun)
parameṣṭhināby Parameṣṭhin (Brahmā)
parameṣṭhinā:
Karta (कर्ता/agent in passive sense)
TypeNoun
Rootparameṣṭhin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)
mithunī-bhūyahaving paired up
mithunī-bhūya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmithunī (अव्ययभाव-प्रातिपदिक) + √bhū (धातु)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समासः; अव्यय-रूपेण (gerundial sense) ‘having become a pair’
gāyantaḥsinging
gāyantaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया-विशेषण/participial)
TypeVerb
Root√gai (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present Active Participle), परस्मैपदी; प्रथमा बहुवचन पुंलिङ्ग (agreeing with te)
tamhim/that
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular) सर्वनाम
evaindeed/only
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
uṣasiat dawn
uṣasi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootuṣas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)
karmabhiḥwith actions/rites
karmabhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन (Plural)

The time early in the morning, one and a half hours before sunrise, is called brāhma-muhūrta. During this brāhma-muhūrta, spiritual activities are recommended. Spiritual activities performed early in the morning have a greater effect than in any other part of the day.

B
Brahmā (Parameṣṭhī)

FAQs

This verse describes beings taking up a discarded form of Brahmā and then manifesting as pairs—male and female—after which they begin their worldly activities, indicating the start of embodied social life.

Parameṣṭhī is a title for Brahmā, the secondary creator empowered by the Supreme Lord to populate the universe.

It highlights how embodied life naturally moves into roles, relationships, and duties; a devotee can spiritualize daily routines—especially the day’s beginning—by aligning work with devotion and dharma.