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Shloka 23

The Lord’s Apology to the Kumāras and the Fall of Jaya and Vijaya

न त्वं द्विजोत्तमकुलं यदिहात्मगोपं गोप्ता वृष: स्वर्हणेन ससूनृतेन । तर्ह्येव नङ्‌क्ष्यति शिवस्तव देव पन्था लोकोऽग्रहीष्यद‍ृषभस्य हितत्प्रमाणम् ॥ २३ ॥

na tvaṁ dvijottama-kulaṁ yadi hātma-gopaṁ goptā vṛṣaḥ svarhaṇena sa-sūnṛtena tarhy eva naṅkṣyati śivas tava deva panthā loko ’grahīṣyad ṛṣabhasya hi tat pramāṇam

O Lord, if You do not protect the highest line of the twice-born, who are under Your own guardianship, by accepting their worship and gentle words, then Your auspicious path of devotion will be cast aside. People in general, relying on Your authority, will abandon that way.

not
:
निषेध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; Nominative singular pronoun
द्विजोत्तमकुलम्the family of the best brāhmaṇas
द्विजोत्तमकुलम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज + उत्तम + कुल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; Accusative singular; समास: कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष (उत्तमो द्विजः) + तत्पुरुष (द्विजोत्तमानां कुलम्)
यदिif
यदि:
सम्बन्ध (Condition marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formशर्तार्थक-अव्यय (conditional conjunction)
इहhere
इह:
अधिकरण (Locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
आत्मगोपम्protected by yourself
आत्मगोपम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मन् + गोप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; Accusative singular; समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (आत्मनः गोपः)
गोप्ताprotector
गोप्ता:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगुप् (धातु) + तृच् (कृदन्त)
Formतृच्-प्रत्ययान्त कर्तृवाचक; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; agent noun
वृषःthe Bull (Dharma)
वृषः:
सम्बोधन/विशेष्य (Apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootवृष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; Nominative singular
स्वर्हणेनby worship befitting heaven (divine worship)
स्वर्हणेन:
करण (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वः + अर्हण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; Instrumental singular; समास: तत्पुरुष (स्वर्गस्य अर्हणम्/स्वः-अर्हणम्)
ससूनृतेनtogether with truthful speech
ससूनृतेन:
करण (Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootस + सूनृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; Instrumental singular; ‘स’ उपसर्गसदृश (with)
तर्हिthen
तर्हि:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतर्हि (अव्यय)
Formतर्हि-शब्दः; परिणाम/अनन्तरार्थक (then)
एवindeed
एव:
अवधारण (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphasis)
नङ्क्ष्यतिwill perish
नङ्क्ष्यति:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootनश् (धातु)
Formलृट्/लुट्-भावी (Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Future ‘will perish’ (नश् → नङ्क्ष्)
शिवःauspicious
शिवः:
कर्ता (Subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootशिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; Nominative singular
तवyour
तव:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; Genitive singular
देवO Lord
देव:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th), एकवचन; Vocative singular
पन्थाःpath
पन्थाः:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्/पन्था (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; Nominative singular
लोकःthe world/people
लोकः:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; Nominative singular
अग्रहीष्यत्will accept
अग्रहीष्यत्:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह् (धातु)
Formलृट् (Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Future ‘will accept’
ऋषभस्यof the bull (Dharma)
ऋषभस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; Genitive singular
हिindeed
हि:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात; हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ (indeed/for)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; Accusative singular
प्रमाणम्authority/standard
प्रमाणम्:
कर्म (Object complement)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; Accusative singular

In Bhagavad-gītā it is stated by the Lord Himself that the acts and character of great authorities are followed by people in general. Leaders of ideal character are therefore needed in society. Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, appeared in this material world just to show the example of perfect authority, and people have to follow His path. The Vedic injunction is that one cannot understand the Absolute Truth simply by mental speculation or logical argument. One has to follow the authorities. Mahājano yena gataḥ sa panthāḥ. Great authorities should be followed; otherwise, if we simply depend on the scriptures, we are sometimes misled by rascals, or else we cannot understand or follow the different spiritual injunctions. The best path is to follow the authorities. The four brāhmaṇa sages stated that Kṛṣṇa is naturally the protector of the cows and brāhmaṇas: go-brāhmaṇa-hitāya ca. When Kṛṣṇa was on this planet, He set a practical example. He was a cowherd boy, and He was very respectful to the brāhmaṇas and devotees.

L
Lord Vishnu (Narayana)
S
Sanaka (Kumara sages)

FAQs

This verse states that the Lord personally protects the most exalted brāhmaṇas as His own; without that protection, the auspicious path of dharma would be destroyed and society would follow irreligious standards.

After being obstructed by Jaya and Vijaya at Vaikuṇṭha, the sages offered prayers acknowledging that the Lord safeguards dharma and the saintly; they emphasize that His protection prevents society from being led by adharma.

Support and learn from genuinely principled, self-controlled spiritual teachers, and measure “progress” by dharma and truth rather than flattering rhetoric or trends that erode virtue.