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Shloka 42

Mahārāja Parīkṣit Cursed by a Brāhmaṇa Boy (Śṛṅgi) and the Moral Crisis of Kali-yuga

न वै नृभिर्नरदेवं पराख्यं सम्मातुमर्हस्यविपक्‍वबुद्धे । यत्तेजसा दुर्विषहेण गुप्ता विन्दन्ति भद्राण्यकुतोभया: प्रजा: ॥ ४२ ॥

na vai nṛbhir nara-devaṁ parākhyaṁ sammātum arhasy avipakva-buddhe yat-tejasā durviṣaheṇa guptā vindanti bhadrāṇy akutobhayāḥ prajāḥ

My child, your understanding is still unripe; thus you do not know that the king, best among men, is like a naradeva. He should never be equated with ordinary persons, for by his irresistible prowess the citizens are protected and attain prosperity without fear.

nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निषेध
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निपात (emphatic particle)
nṛbhiḥby men
nṛbhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन; ‘by men’
nara-devamthe king
nara-devam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnara-deva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘god among men’ = king
parā-khyamrenowned
parā-khyam:
Karmaviśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootparākhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘renowned, celebrated’ (qualifies nara-devam)
sammātumto insult
sammātum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√mā (धातु) (कृदन्त: तुमुन्)
Formतुमुनन्त (infinitive), ‘to disrespect/insult’ (lit. ‘to measure/esteem wrongly’)
arhasiyou should (not)
arhasi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√arh (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; ‘you ought/are fit’ (negated by na)
avipakva-buddheO immature-minded one
avipakva-buddhe:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roota (नञ्) + vipakva (प्रातिपदिक) + buddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘one whose intellect is not mature’
yat-tejasāby whose power
yat-tejasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम) + tejas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formtejas: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; यत्-सम्बन्ध (relative): ‘by whose power’
durviṣaheṇairresistible
durviṣaheṇa:
Karaṇaviśeṣaṇa (करणविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdur-viṣaha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुं, तृतीया, एकवचन; ‘hard to endure/irresistible’ (qualifies tejasā)
guptāḥprotected
guptāḥ:
Kartṛviśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√gup (धातु) (कृदन्त: क्त) → gupta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP) used adjectivally, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘protected’ (qualifies prajāḥ)
vindantiobtain
vindanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vid (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद; ‘they obtain/find’
bhadrāṇiwelfare, blessings
bhadrāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhadra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘auspicious goods/welfare’
akutobhayāḥfearless
akutobhayāḥ:
Kartṛviśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota (नञ्) + kutaḥ (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) + bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘those who have fear from nowhere’ = fearless
prajāḥthe subjects
prajāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘subjects/people’
Ś
Śamīka Ṛṣi
Ś
Śṛṅgi
M
Mahārāja Parīkṣit

FAQs

This verse teaches that a king is ‘naradeva’ (god among men); his righteous power protects society, so disrespecting him is improper and harmful to public welfare.

After Śṛṅgi cursed Mahārāja Parīkṣit, Śamīka rebuked him, explaining that the king’s authority safeguards citizens and should not be treated as negligible.

Avoid impulsive condemnation and cultivate discernment: honor lawful, dharmic leadership and recognize that social stability depends on responsible authority and restraint in speech.