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Shloka 4

Bharata Mahārāja’s Attachment to a Deer and His Fall from Yoga

तमुपश्रुत्य सा मृगवधू: प्रकृतिविक्लवा चकितनिरीक्षणा सुतरामपिहरिभयाभिनिवेशव्यग्रहृदया पारिप्लवद‍ृष्टिरगततृषा भयात् सहसैवोच्चक्राम ॥ ४ ॥

tam upaśrutya sā mṛga-vadhūḥ prakṛti-viklavā cakita-nirīkṣaṇā sutarām api hari-bhayābhiniveśa-vyagra-hṛdayā pāriplava-dṛṣṭir agata-tṛṣā bhayāt sahasaivoccakrāma.

Hearing that roar, the doe—by nature ever fearful of being slain—became distraught and looked about in alarm. Her heart, seized by fear of the lion, was unsettled and her eyes darted here and there; though her thirst was not yet quenched, she suddenly leapt across the river in terror.

तम्that (sound)/him
तम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; pronoun in Accusative singular
उपश्रुत्यhaving heard
उपश्रुत्य:
पूर्वकाल-क्रियाविशेषण (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप + श्रु (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund), ‘having heard’
साshe
सा:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; pronoun ‘she’
मृगवधूःthe doe (deer-wife)
मृगवधूः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमृग + वधू (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मृगस्य वधूः); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्रकृतिविक्लवाnaturally bewildered
प्रकृतिविक्लवा:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकृति + विक्लव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (प्रकृत्या विक्लवा ‘by nature agitated’/‘naturally distraught’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; qualifying subject
चकितनिरीक्षणाwith startled glances
चकितनिरीक्षणा:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचकित + निरीक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय (चकिता निरीक्षणा ‘startled-looking’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सुतराम्exceedingly
सुतराम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसुतराम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अतिशयार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (intensifier)
अपिeven/also
अपि:
निपात (Particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्यय (also/even)
हरिभयाभिनिवेशव्यग्रहृदयाwith a heart agitated by fixation on fear of the lion
हरिभयाभिनिवेशव्यग्रहृदया:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootहरि + भय + अभिनिवेश + व्यग्र + हृदय (प्रातिपदिक-समूह)
Formबहुपद-तत्पुरुषसमास; ‘हरिभय-अभिनिवेशेन व्यग्रम् हृदयम् यस्याः’ इत्यर्थे; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पारिप्लवदृष्टिःwith a darting/wavering look
पारिप्लवदृष्टिः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपारिप्लव + दृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय (पारिप्लवा दृष्टिः ‘wavering/rolling gaze’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
अगततृषाwith thirst gone (forgetting thirst)
अगततृषा:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअगत + तृषा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय/नञ्-भाव (अगता तृषा यस्याः ‘thirst gone’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
भयात्from fear/out of fear
भयात्:
अपादान (Cause/source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootभय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Ablative singular (cause)
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; आकस्मिकत्ववाचक (suddenly)
एवindeed
एव:
निपात (Particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphasis)
उच्चक्रामsprang up/started off
उच्चक्राम:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउत् + क्रम् (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘leapt up/started away’
B
Bharata Mahārāja
M
mṛgī (doe)
H
hari (lion)

FAQs

This verse describes how the doe, driven by instinct, becomes overwhelmed by fear of a predator and flees immediately—showing how powerful material nature’s impulses can be.

The frightened doe is part of the scene that leads to the fawn’s vulnerability, which later awakens Bharata Mahārāja’s compassion and gradually develops into attachment—central to the chapter’s moral.

Fear can hijack attention and judgment; the Bhagavatam’s broader lesson here is to cultivate steady awareness and detachment so compassion does not turn into binding attachment.