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Shloka 14

Naraka-varṇana: The Hellish Planets and the Karmic Logic of Punishment

यस्त्विह ब्रह्मध्रुक स कालसूत्रसंज्ञके नरके अयुतयोजनपरिमण्डले ताम्रमये तप्तखले उपर्यधस्तादग्‍न्‍यर्काभ्यामतितप्यमानेऽभिनिवेशित: क्षुत्पिपासाभ्यां च दह्यमानान्तर्बहि:शरीर आस्ते शेते चेष्टतेऽवतिष्ठति परिधावति च यावन्ति पशुरोमाणि तावद्वर्षसहस्राणि ॥ १४ ॥

yas tv iha brahma-dhruk sa kālasūtra-saṁjñake narake ayuta-yojana-parimaṇḍale tāmramaye tapta-khale upary-adhastād agny-arkābhyām ati-tapyamāne ’bhiniveśitaḥ kṣut-pipāsābhyāṁ ca dahyamānāntar-bahiḥ-śarīra āste śete ceṣṭate ’vatiṣṭhati paridhāvati ca yāvanti paśu-romāṇi tāvad varṣa-sahasrāṇi.

The killer of a brāhmaṇa is cast into the hell called Kālasūtra, a vast copper realm with a circumference of ayuta-yojanas. Heated from below by fire and from above by the scorching sun, its copper surface blazes. There he burns inwardly from hunger and thirst and outwardly from the heat of sun and fire; thus he sometimes lies down, sometimes sits, sometimes stands, and sometimes runs about. He must suffer in this way for thousands of years equal to the number of hairs on an animal’s body.

yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormRelative pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात)
ihahere
iha:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
brahma-dhruka violator of brahma (Brahmin/Veda)
brahma-dhruk:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक) + dhruk (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: 'one who harms Brahmins/Veda' (brahmaṇaḥ dhruk); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
kālasūtra-saṁjñakein the hell called Kālasūtra
kālasūtra-saṁjñake:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkālasūtra (प्रातिपदिक) + saṁjñaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: 'having the designation Kālasūtra'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies narake
narakein hell
narake:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
ayuta-yojana-parimaṇḍalein the (region) of ten-thousand-yojana extent
ayuta-yojana-parimaṇḍale:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootayuta (प्रातिपदिक) + yojana (प्रातिपदिक) + parimaṇḍala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (measure-determinative): 'having a circumference/extent of ten-thousand yojanas'; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) or Masculine agreeing with naraka (here Locative singular as adjective): Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
tāmra-mayein/among (things) made of copper
tāmra-maye:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmra (प्रातिपदिक) + mayaṭ (मयट् प्रत्यय)
FormAdjectival derivative (मयट्): 'made of copper'; Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with (narake/khale) context
tapta-khaleon a heated ground
tapta-khale:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottapta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + khala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya: 'heated threshing-floor/ground'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
upariabove
upari:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootupari (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण) 'above'
adhastātbelow
adhastāt:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadhastāt (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण) 'below/from below'
agni-arkābhyāmby fire and the sun
agni-arkābhyām:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक) + arka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvandva: 'fire and sun'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Dual (द्विवचन)
ati-tapyamānewhile being intensely heated
ati-tapyamāne:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati-tap (धातु) + śānac (शानच्)
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); 'while being intensely heated' (context: khala/naraka)
abhiniveśitaḥplaced/forced in
abhiniveśitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootabhi-ni-viś (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies saḥ
kṣut-pipāsābhyāmby hunger and thirst
kṣut-pipāsābhyām:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣut (प्रातिपदिक) + pipāsā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvandva: 'hunger and thirst'; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग) (as pair), Instrumental (तृतीया), Dual (द्विवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय)
dahyamāna-antar-bahiḥ-śarīraḥwith body burning inside and out
dahyamāna-antar-bahiḥ-śarīraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootdahyamāna (दह् धातु + शानच्) + antar (अव्यय) + bahiḥ (अव्यय) + śarīra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormBahuvrīhi: 'whose body (inside and outside) is being burnt'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
āstehe sits/remains
āste:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootās (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
śetehe lies down
śete:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśī (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
ceṣṭatehe writhes/moves
ceṣṭate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootceṣṭ (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
avatiṣṭhatihe stands/stays
avatiṣṭhati:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootava-sthā (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
paridhāvatihe runs about
paridhāvati:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-dhāv (धातu)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय)
yāvantias many as
yāvanti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootyāvat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormRelative adjective (परिमाणवाचक), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); correlates with tāvat
paśu-romāṇianimal hairs
paśu-romāṇi:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण; measure-correlative)
TypeNoun
Rootpaśu (प्रातिपदिक) + roman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: 'hairs of an animal'; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
tāvatthat many
tāvat:
Kāla-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāvat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormCorrelative adjective (तावत्), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); modifies varṣa-sahasrāṇi
varṣa-sahasrāṇithousands of years
varṣa-sahasrāṇi:
Kāla-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: 'thousands of years'; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
M
Mahārāja Parīkṣit

FAQs

In Canto 5, Chapter 26, Śukadeva describes Kāla-sūtra as a hell where brahma-dhruk offenders are placed on a blazing copper surface and tormented by heat, hunger, and thirst for an extremely long duration.

He explains the consequences of sinful and anti-dharmic actions so that Parīkṣit (and listeners) develop detachment from sin, fear of offense, and seriousness about spiritual life and devotion.

Avoid harming or disrespecting sacred knowledge, truthful conduct, and saintly persons; cultivate humility and dharma, and take shelter of bhakti to purify tendencies that lead to grave offenses.