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Shloka 16

Kāla-cakra and the Motions of the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Grahas

Bhāgavata Jyotiṣa Framework

तत उपरिष्टाद्योजनलक्षद्वयात्प्रतीयमान: शनैश्चर एकैकस्मिन् राशौ त्रिंशन्मासान् विलम्बमान: सर्वानेवानुपर्येति तावद्भ‍िरनुवत्सरै: प्रायेण हि सर्वेषामशान्तिकर: ॥ १६ ॥

tata upariṣṭād yojana-lakṣa-dvayāt pratīyamānaḥ śanaiścara ekaikasmin rāśau triṁśan māsān vilambamānaḥ sarvān evānuparyeti tāvadbhir anuvatsaraiḥ prāyeṇa hi sarveṣām aśāntikaraḥ.

Above that (above Jupiter), at a distance of two lakhs of yojanas, is Saturn, Śanaiścara. Moving slowly, it lingers thirty months in each sign and thus completes the zodiac in thirty anuvatsaras; it is generally a source of unrest for all beings and is regarded as highly inauspicious for the condition of the world.

tataḥthereafter
tataḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Context)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb
upariṣṭātabove
upariṣṭāt:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootupariṣṭāt (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb ‘above’
yojana-lakṣa-dvayātfrom a distance of two lakh yojanas
yojana-lakṣa-dvayāt:
Apadana (अपादान/From-distance)
TypeNoun
Rootyojana (प्रातिपदिक) + lakṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + dvaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; dvigu compound ‘two lakhs of yojanas’
pratīyamānaḥbeing perceived
pratīyamānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Descriptive)
TypeVerb
Rootprati-√i (धातु) + śānac (शानच्)
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्), Masculine, Nominative Singular; ‘being perceived’
śanaiścaraḥSaturn (Śanaiścara)
śanaiścaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśanaiścara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Singular
ekaikasminin each
ekaikasmin:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक) + eka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormLocative Singular; distributive ‘in each’
rāśauin a zodiac sign
rāśau:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootrāśi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative Singular
triṁśanthirty
triṁśan:
Karma (कर्म/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottriṁśat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNumeral, Accusative Plural agreeing with māsān
māsānmonths
māsān:
Kāla (काल/Duration)
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative Plural; duration (कालावधि-द्वितीया)
vilambamānaḥlingering
vilambamānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Descriptive)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√lamb (धातु) + śānac (शानच्)
FormPresent active participle (शानच्), Masculine, Nominative Singular; ‘delaying/lingering’
sarvānall
sarvān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative Plural; qualifies implied ‘rāśīn’
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
anuparyetigoes around/traverses successively
anuparyeti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-pari-√i (धातु)
FormPresent/लट्, 3rd person, Singular; Parasmaipada
tāvadbhiḥby that many
tāvadbhiḥ:
Karana (करण/Measure)
TypeAdjective
Roottāvat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; measure ‘by so many’
anuvatsaraiḥyears (as units)
anuvatsaraiḥ:
Karana (करण/Measure)
TypeNoun
Rootanuvatsara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental Plural; measure of time
prāyeṇagenerally
prāyeṇa:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormIndeclinable adverb ‘generally’
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), causal/emphatic
sarveṣāmof all
sarveṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural
aśāntikaraḥcausing disturbance
aśāntikaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootaśānti (प्रातिपदिक) + kara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative Singular; ‘maker of unrest’; predicate for śanaiścaraḥ
Ś
Śanaiścara (Saturn)

FAQs

In Canto 5, Chapter 22, Śukadeva describes Saturn (Śanaiścara) as moving very slowly—staying thirty months in each zodiac sign—and notes that he is generally a cause of aśānti (disturbance) for most beings.

Because he “moves slowly” (śanaiḥ—slowly; cara—moving). The verse highlights this by stating he remains thirty months in each rāśi before proceeding.

The verse encourages humility and steadiness: when disturbances arise (whether seen as karmic or circumstantial), one can respond with patience, dharma, and devotion rather than fear—using challenges as prompts for inner discipline and remembrance of the Lord.