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Shloka 8

Rantideva’s Supreme Charity and the Hastī Lineage

Hastināpura and Pañcāla Origins

याते शूद्रे तमन्योऽगादतिथि: श्वभिरावृत: । राजन् मे दीयतामन्नं सगणाय बुभुक्षते ॥ ८ ॥

yāte śūdre tam anyo ’gād atithiḥ śvabhir āvṛtaḥ rājan me dīyatām annaṁ sagaṇāya bubhukṣate

When the śūdra had departed, another guest arrived, surrounded by dogs, and said, “O King, I and my company of dogs are greatly hungry. Please give us food.”

yātewhen (he) had gone
yāte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) — locative absolute context
TypeVerb
Rootyā (धातु)
Formक्त (kta) कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि/भूतकाले; Locative Absolute (सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध) — Locative, Masculine, Singular (सप्तमी एकवचन) agreeing with "śūdre"
śūdrein/when the śūdra (had gone)
śūdre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) — locative absolute
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
anyaḥanother (person)
anyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
agātwent/approached
agāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (धातु)
Formलुङ् (Aorist/लुङ्), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
atithiḥa guest
atithiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) — apposition to anyaḥ
TypeNoun
Rootatithi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन
śvabhiḥby/with dogs
śvabhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśvan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन
āvṛtaḥsurrounded
āvṛtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) — predicate participle of atithiḥ
TypeVerb
Rootā-√vṛ (धातु)
Formक्त (kta) कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि; पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन (agreeing with atithiḥ)
rājanO king
rājan:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
meto me
me:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी) एकवचन — Genitive/Dative enclitic sense; here dative sense ‘to me’
dīyatāmlet (it) be given
dīyatām:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative/लोट्), कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive); प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
annamfood
annam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootanna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन
sa-gaṇāyafor (me) along with my companions
sa-gaṇāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (उपसर्ग/सह) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसह-तत्पुरुष (associative); पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक?; चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन — ‘for (one) with a group’
bubhukṣate(he) desires to eat / is hungry
bubhukṣate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhuj (धातु)
FormDesiderative (सन्नन्त/इच्छार्थक) stem bubhukṣ-; लट् (Present/लट्), आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
A
atithi (guest)
R
rājā (king)

FAQs

This verse shows that guests may arrive unexpectedly and request food; the king is addressed directly, highlighting hospitality as a key aspect of righteous conduct (dharma).

The narrative presents an unusual, testing arrival—an atithi accompanied by dogs—emphasizing that true hospitality and compassion are shown even when the situation appears inconvenient or socially uncomfortable.

Practice respectful generosity: help those who ask sincerely for necessities like food, and avoid judging worthiness by external appearances or associations.