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Shloka 31

Yayāti, Devayānī, Śarmiṣṭhā, and the Exchange of Youth: The Unsatisfied Nature of Desire

विलोक्यौशनसीं राजञ्छर्मिष्ठा सुप्रजां क्‍वचित् । तमेव वव्रे रहसि सख्या: पतिमृतौ सती ॥ ३१ ॥

vilokyauśanasīṁ rājañ charmiṣṭhā suprajāṁ kvacit tam eva vavre rahasi sakhyāḥ patim ṛtau satī

O King Parīkṣit, seeing Devayānī blessed with a fine son, Śarmiṣṭhā once, at a time fit for conception, approached King Yayāti—the husband of her friend—in a secluded place and entreated him: “Grant that I too may obtain a son.”

विलोक्यhaving seen
विलोक्य:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + लोक् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (absolutive/gerund)
औशनसीम्the daughter of Uśanā (Devayānī)
औशनसीम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootऔशनसी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8), एकवचन
शर्मिष्ठाŚarmiṣṭhā
शर्मिष्ठा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशर्मिष्ठा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
सुप्रजाम्(one) with good progeny
सुप्रजाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + प्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (सु-प्रजा = good offspring)
क्वचित्at some time
क्वचित्:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचित् (अव्यय)
Formकाल/देश-अव्यय (sometimes/at some time)
तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन
एवindeed
एव:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis: indeed/only)
वव्रेchose (as husband)
वव्रे:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
रहसिin secret
रहसि:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootरहस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन
सख्याःof (her) friend
सख्याः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसखी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), एकवचन
पतिम्husband
पतिम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन
ऋतौin the proper season (fertile time)
ऋतौ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन
सतीbeing (a woman), while she was
सती:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत् (धातु/प्रातिपदिक)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त (present participle used adjectivally), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
D
Devayānī
Ś
Śarmiṣṭhā
U
Uśanā (Śukrācārya)

FAQs

In this episode, Śarmiṣṭhā observes Devayānī flourishing with a worthy son and then secretly chooses the same man as her husband, showing the tangled dynamics of duty, desire, and royal life in Yayāti’s story.

The verse indicates that after seeing Devayānī blessed with a good son, Śarmiṣṭhā privately chose that very man—reflecting the narrative’s theme of complex interpersonal bonds and consequential choices within the royal household.

Private, desire-driven decisions in relationships can create lasting complications; the Bhagavatam’s royal narratives encourage integrity, clarity, and responsibility in personal commitments.