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Shloka 10

Yayāti, Devayānī, Śarmiṣṭhā, and the Exchange of Youth: The Unsatisfied Nature of Desire

शर्मिष्ठाजानती वासो गुरुपुत्र्या: समव्ययत् । स्वीयं मत्वा प्रकुपिता देवयानीदमब्रवीत् ॥ १० ॥

śarmiṣṭhājānatī vāso guru-putryāḥ samavyayat svīyaṁ matvā prakupitā devayānīdam abravīt

Śarmiṣṭhā unknowingly put on Devayānī’s dress, the garment of the guru’s daughter, thinking it her own. Devayānī, angered by this, spoke as follows.

śarmiṣṭhāŚarmiṣṭhā
śarmiṣṭhā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśarmiṣṭhā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
ajānatīnot knowing
ajānatī:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/participial)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
Formनञ्-पूर्वक शतृ (Present active participle with negation a-), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
vāsaḥthe garment
vāsaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (छन्दसि/प्रयोगे रूपम्; सामान्यतः vāsas)
guru-putryāḥof the guru’s daughter
guru-putryāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootguru-putrī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (guroḥ putrī)
samavyayattook away/appropriated
samavyayat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + ava + i (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग: sam-, ava-; अर्थे: ‘अपहरत्/अगृह्णात्’ (took away)
svīyamas her own
svīyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvīya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
matvāhaving thought/considered
matvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootman (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (Gerund/Absolutive), अव्ययभाव
prakupitāenraged
prakupitā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra + kupita (प्रातिपदिक; from √kup)
Formक्त-प्रत्यय (past participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; उपसर्ग: pra-
devayānīDevayānī
devayānī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdevayānī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbrū (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
Ś
Śarmiṣṭhā
D
Devayānī

FAQs

This verse shows how mistaking something as “mine” can trigger anger and conflict—Devayānī becomes enraged simply by believing the garment was her own.

Śarmiṣṭhā unknowingly wore Devayānī’s garment; Devayānī, thinking her property had been taken, became furious and confronted her.

Verify facts before reacting—many quarrels begin from misunderstanding and possessiveness; pausing to clarify can prevent unnecessary harm.