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Shloka 32

Sudāmā Brāhmaṇa: Divine Friendship, Guru-bhakti, and the Lord’s Grace

स वै सत्कर्मणां साक्षाद् द्विजातेरिह सम्भव: । आद्योऽङ्ग यत्राश्रमिणां यथाहं ज्ञानदो गुरु: ॥ ३२ ॥

sa vai sat-karmaṇāṁ sākṣād dvijāter iha sambhavaḥ ādyo ’ṅga yatrāśramiṇāṁ yathāhaṁ jñāna-do guruḥ

My friend, the one who gives physical birth is the first teacher; and the one who initiates one as twice-born and engages one in dharmic duties is a more direct teacher. But the guru who bestows transcendental knowledge upon all āśramas is the ultimate spiritual master—indeed, he is as good as My own self.

सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक, सर्वनाम)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable emphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक/अवधारण)
सत्-कर्मणाम्of good deeds
सत्-कर्मणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya compound (कर्मधारय: ‘good actions’); Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural (बहुवचन)
साक्षात्directly
साक्षात्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाक्षात् (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb (अव्यय), ‘directly, manifestly’
द्विजातेःof the twice-born class
द्विजातेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)
इहhere
इह:
Desha (देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)
सम्भवःorigin, source
सम्भवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसम् + भू (धातु) → सम्भव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
आद्यःthe first, primordial
आद्यः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying ‘सम्भवः’
अङ्गO dear (sir)
अङ्ग:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअङ्ग (अव्यय/सम्बोधन-निपात)
FormVocative particle (सम्बोधन-निपात) used for address/emphasis
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable relative adverb (सम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय) ‘where’
आश्रमिणाम्of those in the āśramas (orders of life)
आश्रमिणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रमिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural (बहुवचन)
यथाas
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable comparative particle/adverb (उपमा/प्रकार)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक, सर्वनाम)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
ज्ञान-दःgiver of knowledge
ज्ञान-दः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + द (कृदन्त; √दा धातु, क्विप्/ण्वुल्-भाव ‘giver’)
FormTatpuruṣa compound (उपपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘giver of knowledge’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying ‘गुरुः’
गुरुःteacher
गुरुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
K
Kṛṣṇa
S
Sudāmā (brāhmaṇa friend)

FAQs

This verse explains that upanayana is the direct beginning (birth) of a twice-born brāhmaṇa into sacred duties—an entry into disciplined spiritual life and righteous conduct.

In the meeting with His brāhmaṇa friend Sudāmā, Kṛṣṇa highlights the foundation of spiritual life—discipline in varṇāśrama and honoring the guru as the giver of knowledge—thereby glorifying genuine brāhmaṇa culture and devotion.

Seek authentic guidance from a teacher rooted in śāstra, live with integrity and self-discipline, and treat learning as sacred—using knowledge to cultivate devotion, humility, and service.