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Shloka 39

The Killing of Cāṇūra, Muṣṭika, and Kaṁsa; Liberation and Restoration of Dharma in Mathurā

स नित्यदोद्विग्नधिया तमीश्वरंपिबन्नदन्वा विचरन् स्वपन् श्वसन् । ददर्श चक्रायुधमग्रतो यत-स्तदेव रूपं दुरवापमाप ॥ ३९ ॥

sa nityadodvigna-dhiyā tam īśvaraṁ pibann adan vā vicaran svapan śvasan dadarśa cakrāyudham agrato yatas tad eva rūpaṁ duravāpam āpa

Kaṁsa was perpetually disturbed by the thought that the Supreme Lord would kill him. Thus, whether drinking, eating, walking, sleeping, or even breathing, he always saw before him the Lord bearing the disc weapon, and in this way he attained the rare boon of a form like the Lord’s.

सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
नित्यदाalways
नित्यदा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यदा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)
उद्विग्न-धियाwith an agitated mind
उद्विग्न-धिया:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootउद्विग्न (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + धि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): उद्विग्ना धिः यस्य; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
तम्him
तम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
ईश्वरम्the Lord
ईश्वरम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
पिबन्drinking (in)
पिबन्:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Agentive participle qualifying subject)
TypeVerb
Rootपा (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; परस्मैपदी
अदन्eating
अदन्:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Agentive participle)
TypeVerb
Rootअद् (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; परस्मैपदी
वाor
वा:
समुच्चय/विकल्प (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक निपात (disjunctive particle ‘or’)
विचरन्moving about
विचरन्:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Agentive participle)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु) + वि (उपसर्ग)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्वपन्sleeping
स्वपन्:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Agentive participle)
TypeVerb
Rootस्वप् (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
श्वसन्breathing
श्वसन्:
कर्ता-विशेषण (Agentive participle)
TypeVerb
Rootश्वस् (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
ददर्शhe saw
ददर्श:
क्रिया (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
चक्र-आयुधम्him whose weapon is the discus
चक्र-आयुधम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootचक्र (प्रातिपदिक) + आयुध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: चक्रं आयुधं यस्य; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अग्रतःin front
अग्रतः:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्रतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb ‘in front’)
यतःfrom where/whence
यतः:
सम्बन्ध (Relational)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative adverb ‘from/whereby/whence’)
तत्that
तत्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम-विशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (agreeing with रूपम्)
एवindeed/just
एव:
निपात (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारणार्थक निपात (emphatic particle)
रूपम्form
रूपम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दुरवापम्hard to attain
दुरवापम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर् (उपसर्ग/उपपद) + अवाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formउपपद-तत्पुरुष (prefixal): दुरवापम् = दु:खेन अवाप्यते इति; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (agreeing with रूपम्)
आपhe attained
आप:
क्रिया (Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

Although born out of fear, Kaṁsa’s constant meditation on the Supreme Lord eradicated all his offenses, and therefore the demon was liberated upon his death at the Lord’s hands.

K
Kaṁsa
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa (Cakrāyudha/Sudarśana-bearing Lord)

FAQs

This verse shows that unbroken absorption in the Lord—seeing Him in all states of life (eating, walking, sleeping, breathing)—brings one to direct vision of Him, even if the remembrance began in fear.

Kaṁsa feared the prophecy of his death and therefore remained intensely preoccupied with Kṛṣṇa; that constant fixation, though hostile, kept his mind locked on the Supreme Lord.

Practice steady Krishna-smaraṇa throughout daily routines—while working, eating, resting, and breathing—by japa, hearing, and mindful remembrance, transforming scattered attention into continuous devotion.