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Shloka 6

Garuḍa, Saubhari’s Curse, Kāliya’s Refuge, and Kṛṣṇa Saves Vraja from Forest Fire

तमापतन्तं तरसा विषायुध: प्रत्यभ्ययादुत्थितनैकमस्तक: । दद्भ‍ि: सुपर्णं व्यदशद् ददायुध: करालजिह्वोच्छ्वसितोग्रलोचन: ॥ ६ ॥

tam āpatantaṁ tarasā viṣāyudhaḥ pratyabhyayād utthita-naika-mastakaḥ dadbhiḥ suparṇaṁ vyadaśad dad-āyudhaḥ karāla-jihrocchvasitogra-locanaḥ

As Garuḍa swooped down with great force, Kāliya—armed with poison—rose up, lifting his many heads to counterattack. Displaying dreadful tongues and glaring, fearsome eyes, he bit Suparṇa with the weapon of his fangs.

tamhim (Garuda)
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana; sarvanāma
āpatantamas he was rushing (towards him)
āpatantam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootā + pat (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana; present active participle (शतृ) ‘falling/charging’
tarasāwith force / swiftly
tarasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottaras (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Ekavacana; instrumental of manner
viṣa-āyudhaḥthe one whose weapon is poison (Kāliya)
viṣa-āyudhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + āyudha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (‘poison’ as weapon)
pratyabhyayātwent toward / advanced against
pratyabhyayāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprati + abhi + i (धातु)
FormLaṅ (Imperfect/लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
utthita-naika-mastakaḥwith many heads raised
utthita-naika-mastakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootutthita (कृदन्त; √sthā with ud-) + na-eka (संख्या/निषेध-प्रातिपदिक) + mastaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi ‘having many heads raised’ (naika = many)
dadbhiḥwith (his) teeth
dadbhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdant (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Bahuvacana; irregular stem dant → dadbhiḥ
suparṇamSuparṇa (Garuḍa)
suparṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsuparṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana
vyadaśatbit / tore
vyadaśat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi + daś (धातु)
FormLaṅ (Imperfect/लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
dat-āyudhaḥarmed / weapon-bearing
dat-āyudhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootdat (कृदन्त from √dā ‘to give’, here ‘given/possessing’) + āyudha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi ‘having weapons (given/ready)’
karāla-jihvā-ucchvasita-ugra-locanaḥwith terrible tongue, panting, fierce-eyed
karāla-jihvā-ucchvasita-ugra-locanaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkarāla (प्रातिपदिक) + jihvā (प्रातिपदिक) + ucchvasita (कृदन्त from ud+√śvas) + ugra (प्रातिपदिक) + locana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi describing Kāliya: ‘having a terrible tongue, heavy breathing, and fierce eyes’

The ācāryas explain that Kāliya used his weapon of poison at a distance by spitting venom upon his enemy and at short range by biting him with his terrible fangs.

G
Garuḍa
K
Kāliya

FAQs

This verse describes Kāliya as “viṣāyudhaḥ,” one whose very weapon is poison, emphasizing his dangerous, aggressive nature as he rises with many hoods to attack Garuḍa.

Kāliya, threatened by Garuḍa’s approach, counterattacks out of fear and hostility, showing the serpent’s pride and violence that set the stage for Krishna’s later subjugation and purification of him.

It warns that when one lives by “poison” (harmful habits, envy, aggression), one tends to lash out even at rightful authority; the remedy is humility and seeking divine guidance rather than escalating conflict.