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Shloka 21

Garuḍa, Saubhari’s Curse, Kāliya’s Refuge, and Kṛṣṇa Saves Vraja from Forest Fire

तदा शुचिवनोद्भ‍ूतो दावाग्नि: सर्वतो व्रजम् । सुप्तं निशीथ आवृत्य प्रदग्धुमुपचक्रमे ॥ २१ ॥

tadā śuci-vanodbhūto dāvāgniḥ sarvato vrajam suptaṁ niśītha āvṛtya pradagdhum upacakrame

Then, from the dry forest arose a raging wildfire; at midnight, while Vraja slept, it surrounded them on all sides and began to scorch them.

तदाthen
तदा:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्ययम् (temporal adverb: “then”)
शुचि-वन-उद्भूतःarisen from the dry forest
शुचि-वन-उद्भूतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि (प्रातिपदिक) + वन (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्भूत (कृदन्त; √भू (धातु) + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त-विशेषणम्; तत्पुरुषः “शुचिवनात् उद्भूतः” (arisen from the dry forest)
दावाग्निःthe forest fire
दावाग्निः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदावाग्नि (प्रातिपदिक: दाव + अग्नि)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (m. nom. sg.); तत्पुरुषः “दावे अग्निः” (forest-fire)
सर्वतःon all sides
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम्; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्तम् (adverb: “from all sides / everywhere”)
व्रजम्Vraja
व्रजम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (m. acc. sg.)
सुप्तम्sleeping
सुप्तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्त (कृदन्त; √स्वप् (धातु) + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्तम् (past participle: “asleep”), व्रजम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्
निशीथेat midnight
निशीथे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootनिशीथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (m. loc. sg.); “at midnight”
आवृत्यhaving surrounded
आवृत्य:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√वृ (धातु) उपसर्गः आ-
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त-अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive): “having covered/surrounded”
प्रदग्धुम्to burn
प्रदग्धुम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Root√दह् (धातु) उपसर्गः प्र-
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्तम् (infinitive): “to burn up”
उपचक्रमेbegan
उपचक्रमे:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√क्रम् (धातु) उपसर्गः उप-
Formलिट्-लकारः (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्; आत्मनेपदम् (he/it began)

Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī and Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura have commented that perhaps a loyal friend of Kāliya had assumed the form of a forest fire to avenge his friend, or perhaps the forest fire was manifest by a demon who was a follower of Kaṁsa’s.

V
Vraja (Vrajavāsīs)

FAQs

In this verse, Śukadeva describes a sudden dāvāgni (forest fire) arising and surrounding sleeping Vraja at midnight, setting the stage for Krishna’s protective intervention for His devotees.

Śukadeva Gosvāmī narrates this verse to Mahārāja Parīkṣit as part of Krishna’s Vraja līlā.

The verse highlights unexpected danger arising even when one feels secure; devotion teaches taking shelter of Krishna, trusting divine protection, and remaining steady when crises “surround from all sides.”