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Shloka 2

Garuḍa, Saubhari’s Curse, Kāliya’s Refuge, and Kṛṣṇa Saves Vraja from Forest Fire

श्रीशुक उवाच उपहार्यै: सर्पजनैर्मासि मासीह यो बलि: । वानस्पत्यो महाबाहो नागानां प्राङ्‍‍‍‍‍‍निरूपित: ॥ २ ॥ स्वं स्वं भागं प्रयच्छन्ति नागा: पर्वणि पर्वणि । गोपीथायात्मन: सर्वे सुपर्णाय महात्मने ॥ ३ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca upahāryaiḥ sarpa-janair māsi māsīha yo baliḥ vānaspatyo mahā-bāho nāgānāṁ prāṅ-nirūpitaḥ

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: “O mighty-armed Parīkṣit, to avoid being eaten by Garuḍa, the serpents had long ago made an arrangement: each month they would place a tribute of fruits and vegetation at the base of a tree. Thus, at every appointed time, each nāga offered his own share to the great Suparṇa Garuḍa, as the price of protection.”

श्रीvenerable
श्री:
सम्बन्ध (Honorific/उपपद)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; honorific prefix
शुकःŚuka
शुकः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशुक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
उपहार्यैःwith offerings/tributary items
उपहार्यैः:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउपहार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; 'by those fit to be offered'
सर्पof serpents
सर्प:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध) बहुवचन (in compound)
जनैःby the serpent-people
जनैः:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: सर्पाणां जनाः
मासिin a month
मासि:
अधिकरण (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन
मासिmonth by month
मासि:
अधिकरण (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; repetition for distributive sense
इहhere
इह:
देशाधिकरण (Adverbial/देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक अव्यय (adverb of place)
यःwhich/that
यः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; relative pronoun referring to बलिः
बलिःtribute/offering
बलिः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootबलि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन
वानस्पत्यःconsisting of forest produce
वानस्पत्यः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवानस्पत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; adjective of बलिः (made of forest produce)
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
सम्बोधन (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootमहा + बाहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन; संबोधन to Parīkṣit
नागानाम्of the Nāgas
नागानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootनाग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन
प्राक्formerly
प्राक्:
देशकालाधिकरण (Adverbial/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राक् (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (adverb) 'formerly/before'
निरूपितःwas prescribed/assigned
निरूपितः:
कर्तृसम्बन्ध (Predicate/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्-रूप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicate of बलिः (was fixed/assigned)
स्वम्one's own
स्वम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; distributive with repetition
स्वम्each his own
स्वम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन
भागम्share/portion
भागम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभाग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन
प्रयच्छन्तिthey give
प्रयच्छन्ति:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-यम्/यच्छ् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान/Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद; √यम् (यच्छति) 'give'
नागाःthe Nāgas
नागाः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनाग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन
पर्वणिon a festival day/occasion
पर्वणि:
अधिकरण (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन
पर्वणिon each occasion
पर्वणि:
अधिकरण (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; repetition for distributive sense
गोपीथायto Gopītha (protector)
गोपीथाय:
सम्प्रदान (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootगोपीथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान), एकवचन; epithet of Garuḍa (protector of cows/earth)
आत्मनःof himself/their own
आत्मनः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन
सुपर्णायto Suparṇa (Garuḍa)
सुपर्णाय:
सम्प्रदान (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootसुपर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान), एकवचन
महात्मनेto the great-souled one
महात्मने:
सम्प्रदान (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (सम्प्रदान), एकवचन; karmadhāraya: महान् आत्मा यस्य

Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī has given an alternate explanation of this verse. Upahāryaiḥ may also be translated as “by those who are to be eaten,” and sarpa-janaiḥ as “those human beings who were dominated by or who belonged to the serpent race.” According to this reading, a group of human beings had fallen under the control of the serpents and were prone to be eaten by them. To avoid this, the human beings would make a monthly offering to the serpents, who in turn would offer a portion of that offering to Garuḍa so that he would not eat them. The particular translation given above is based on the commentary of Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī and the translation by Śrīla Prabhupāda in his Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In any case, all the ācāryas agree that the serpents purchased protection from Garuḍa.

S
Shukadeva
P
Parikshit
N
Nagas

FAQs

This verse states that the serpent-people had an established, monthly tribute—made of forest produce—fixed long ago as their regular offering.

He is setting the narrative context for the Kaliya episode, explaining the existing order and obligations among the serpent beings before Krishna’s intervention unfolds.

It highlights disciplined duty—keeping consistent commitments and offerings (service, charity, worship) as part of living in harmony with dharma.