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Shloka 53

The Fall of Purañjana and the Supersoul as the Eternal Friend

Purañjana-Upākhyāna Culmination

अपि स्मरसि चात्मानमविज्ञातसखं सखे । हित्वा मां पदमन्विच्छन् भौमभोगरतो गत: ॥ ५३ ॥

api smarasi cātmānam avijñāta-sakhaṁ sakhe hitvā māṁ padam anvicchan bhauma-bhoga-rato gataḥ

The brāhmaṇa continued: My dear friend, though you cannot at once recognize Me, do you not remember your most intimate companion of old? Alas, you abandoned My company and, absorbed in earthly enjoyments, became the enjoyer of this material world.

अपिindeed, perhaps
अपि:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसम्भावना/प्रश्नार्थक-निपात (particle: also/even/indeed)
स्मरसिyou remember
स्मरसि:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदी
and
:
सम्बन्ध (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
आत्मानम्yourself/the self
आत्मानम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
अविज्ञातसखम्(as) an unknown friend
अविज्ञातसखम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootअविज्ञात + सख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): अविज्ञातः सखा यस्य/यम् (unknown friend)
सखेO friend
सखे:
सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
पूर्वकाल (Pūrvakāla/Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootहा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपदी; अर्थ: त्यक्त्वा (having abandoned)
माम्me
माम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
पदम्place, position
पदम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
अन्विच्छन्seeking
अन्विच्छन्:
कर्ता (Kartā/Agent)
TypeVerb
Rootअन्वि-इष्/इच्छ् (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपसर्ग: अनु-
भौमभोगरतःattached to earthly pleasures
भौमभोगरतः:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootभौम + भोग + रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (determinative): भौमे भोगे रतः (attached to earthly enjoyments)
गतःgone
गतः:
क्रिया-विशेषण/कर्ता (Predicate/Subject complement)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थ: गच्छितः (gone)

As stated in Bhagavad-gītā (7.27) :

P
Paramātmā (Unknown Friend)
J
Jīva (conditioned soul / Purañjana allegory)

FAQs

In this verse, the ‘unknown friend’ refers to Paramātmā, the Lord within the heart, who accompanies the jīva through all lives even when the soul forgets Him.

The verse highlights how the conditioned soul turns away from inner divine guidance and seeks shelter in temporary material positions, becoming absorbed in bhauma-bhoga (worldly pleasures).

Pause and remember the inner witness—seek lasting shelter through bhakti (hearing, chanting, prayer, and mindful choices) rather than chasing identity and security only through external, temporary gains.