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Shloka 20

Pṛthu Pursues the Earth and the Earth Takes the Form of a Cow

Bhūmi as Gauḥ

प्रहरन्ति न वै स्त्रीषु कृताग:स्वपि जन्तव: । किमुत त्वद्विधा राजन् करुणा दीनवत्सला: ॥ २० ॥

praharanti na vai strīṣu kṛtāgaḥsv api jantavaḥ kim uta tvad-vidhā rājan karuṇā dīna-vatsalāḥ

Even if a woman commits a sin, no one should raise a hand against her. How much more, O King, for one like you—merciful, a protector, and affectionate to the poor.

प्रहरन्तिthey strike/attack
प्रहरन्ति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (plural)
not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
स्त्रीषुamong women / in women
स्त्रीषु:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (plural)
कृतागःसुamong the guilty (those who have committed sin)
कृतागःसु:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत-आगस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष समास (कृतं आगः येषाम्), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन (plural)
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle: even/also)
जन्तवःcreatures
जन्तवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)
किम्what
किम्:
Prayojaka/Question (प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (singular); प्रश्नार्थक (interrogative)
उतthen / indeed
उत:
Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle; in 'किम् उत' = 'how much more')
त्वद्विधाःpeople like you
त्वद्विधाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद्-विद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि समास (त्वद्विधः = 'one like you'), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सम्बोधन विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (singular)
करुणाःcompassionate
करुणाः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)
दीनवत्सलाःaffectionate to the poor
दीनवत्सलाः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन-वत्सल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष समास (दीनानां वत्सलाः), पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)
P
Pṛthu Mahārāja
B
Bhūmi (Earth-goddess/Pṛthvī)

FAQs

This verse teaches that even ordinary beings refrain from harming a woman, and that a righteous king must be even more compassionate—especially toward the distressed.

In the narrative, Pṛthu confronts the Earth for withholding resources; Bhūmi appeals to his dharma and innate compassion, discouraging harsh violence and urging merciful governance.

Exercise power with restraint: avoid harming the vulnerable, respond to conflict with empathy, and let compassion guide leadership and decision-making.