Mantra 16
Sukta 92
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
यो राजा चर्षणीनां याता रथेभिरध्रिगुः । विश्वासां तरुता पृतनानां ज्येष्ठो यो वृत्रहा गृणे
IAST Transliteration
yó rājā carṣaṇīnāṁ yātā ráthebhir ádhriguḥ | víśvāsāṁ tarutā́ pṛ́tanānāṁ jyéṣṭho yó vṛtrahā́ gṛṇé
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
He who is king of the peoples, who fares with chariots, unrestrained; the overcomer of all battles, the chief—him, the Vṛtra-slayer, I hymn.
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
राजाking
राजा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
चर्षणीनाम्of the peoples/men
चर्षणीनाम्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootचर्षणि (प्रातिपदिक)
याताthe goer/leader
याता:
Kartā
TypeNoun (agent) / Epithet
Rootया (धातु) → यातृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक); यातृ/यात (agent)
रथेभिःwith chariots
रथेभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
अध्रिगुःunfailing/unyielding (in battle)
अध्रिगुः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootअध्रिगु (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहिः/उपाधि)
विश्वासाम्of all
विश्वासाम्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविश्व (सर्व/विश्-सम्बद्ध प्रातिपदिक) → विश्वा (स्त्री.)
तरुताovercomer, conqueror
तरुता:
Kartā
TypeNoun (agent) / Epithet
Rootतॄ (धातु) → तरुत्/तरुत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, ‘overcomer’)
पृतनानाम्of battles/armies
पृतनानाम्:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootपृतना (प्रातिपदिक)
ज्येष्ठःthe foremost, eldest
ज्येष्ठः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वृत्रहाVṛtra-slayer
वृत्रहा:
Kartā
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootवृत्रहन् (प्रातिपदिक; समासः वृत्र + हन्)
गृणेI praise/sing
गृणे:
—
TypeVerb
Rootगॄ (धातु) → गृणाति
Attribution
Rishi: RV-source r̥ṣi attribution (Indra-stotra tradition) carried into AV 20.
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (stotra style)
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"Rising proclamation of sovereignty culminating in the decisive Vṛtra-slayer identity.","listener_experience":"Surge of courage, dominance, readiness to confront.","intensity":8}