Mantra 1

Sukta 49

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

रात्रिः। इषिरा योषा युवतिर्दमूना रात्री देवस्य सवितुर्भगस्य । अश्वक्षभा सुहवा संभृतश्रीरा पप्रौ द्यावापृथिवी महित्वा

IAST Transliteration

rā́triḥ | iṣirā́ yóṣā yuvatír damū́nā rā́trī devásya savitúr bhágasya | aśvákṣabhā́ suhávā saṃbhṛ́taśrīr ā́ paprau dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ mahitvā́ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Night—impetuous maid, young house-dweller—O Night of god Savitar, of Bhaga. Horse-eyed, easy to be invoked, with gathered splendour, she hath filled heaven and earth with her majesty.

Word by Word

• रात्रिः: Night
• रात्रिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• इषिरा: vigorous, lively
• इषिरा: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इषिर- (प्रातिपदिक)

• योषा: woman, maiden
• योषा: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: योषा- (प्रातिपदिक)

• युवतिः: young woman
• युवतिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवति- (प्रातिपदिक)

• दमूना: house-abiding, domestic
• दमूना: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दमून- (प्रातिपदिक)

• रात्री: Night
• रात्री: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवस्य: of the god
• देवस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सवितुः: of Savitṛ
• सवितुः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun (proper/title)
• Root: सवितृ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• भगस्य: of Bhaga (the dispenser of fortune)
• भगस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: भग- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अश्वक्षभाः: having horse(-like) eyes / horse-eyed (epithet)
• अश्वक्षभाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective/Noun (epithet)
• Root: अश्वक्षभा- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुहवा: easy to invoke, graciously callable
• सुहवा: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-हव- (प्रातिपदिक)

• संभृतश्रीः: whose splendor is well-gathered/fully endowed
• संभृतश्रीः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (kṛdanta compound)
• Root: सं-√भृ (धातु) + श्री- (प्रातिपदिक) → संभृतश्री- (कृदन्त-समास)

• आ: forth, toward; intensifier
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• पप्रौ: filled, pervaded, spread
• पप्रौ: कर्तृ (रात्रिः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √प्रा (प्रा/प्रै; ‘to fill, pervade, spread’)

• द्यावापृथिवी: heaven-and-earth
• द्यावापृथिवी: कर्म
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: द्यावापृथिवी- (द्वन्द्व-समास; द्यौ- + पृथिवी-)

• महित्वा: by (her) greatness, through majesty
• महित्वा: करण
• Type: Noun (instrumental adverbial)
• Root: महित्व- (प्रातिपदिक) / महत्-सम्बद्धं भावनाम

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (anukramaṇī-dependent for this hymn)

Devata: Rātri (connected with Savitar and Bhaga)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (hymnic; metrical classification may vary by recension analysis)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Awe at Night’s majesty → calm trust in her domestic guardianship.","listener_experience":"Vastness and reassurance: darkness becomes sacred, orderly, and protective.","intensity":5}