Sutra 28

Devanagari script

निरुद्धो देशकालाभ्यामत्ययः स्यादुपग्रहः ॥ कZ_०७.३.२८च्द् ॥

Transliteration

niruddho deśakālābhyām atyayaḥ syād upagrahaḥ

Translation

When constrained by place and time, the arrangement becomes an “atyaya”; it is then (functionally) an upagraha—i.e., a binding security guarantee under constraint.

Word by Word

• निरुद्धः: restrained; blocked; prevented
• Type: Participle (Verbal adjective)
• Root: नि-√रुध्
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; विशेषण/विधेय

• देश-कालाभ्याम्: by/through place and time
• Type: Noun
• Root: देश; काल
• Form: समास: देश + काल; नपुंसक/पुं (समाहार-प्रवृत्ति), तृतीया-द्विवचन; करण/हेतु-अर्थे

• अत्ययः: a lapse; transgression; overstepping
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्यय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; कर्तृ/विधेय

• स्यात्: would be; should be; becomes
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस्
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• उपग्रहः: seizure; detention; coercive holding
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपग्रह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; विधेय (अत्ययस्य)

Entities Mentioned

• territory (deśa)
• time (kāla)

More Details

FAQs

How do ‘place’ and ‘time’ constraints change the nature of a treaty device?

They reduce strategic flexibility, so guarantees become more binding and coercive in effect—turning settlement into an exigent, enforcement-heavy arrangement.