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Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 21

Devanagari script

एवमुक्ताः सुराः सर्वे खातं कृत्वा तथोत्तरे । वयस्त्रिंशत्कोटिगणैर्मुक्तं तत्तीर्थजं जलम्

Transliteration

evamuktāḥ surāḥ sarve khātaṃ kṛtvā tathottare | vayastriṃśatkoṭigaṇairmuktaṃ tattīrthajaṃ jalam

Translation

So angewiesen, schufen alle Götter jene Aushebung im Norden; und das aus den Tīrthas stammende Wasser wurde dort von Scharen, dreißig Krore an Zahl, ausgegossen.

Word by Word
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb): thus
उक्ताःhaving been instructed
उक्ताः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘having been told/addressed’
सुराःthe gods
सुराः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषण of ‘सुराः’
खातम्a dug pit
खातम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootखन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त) used substantively; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
कृत्वाhaving made
कृत्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (Prior action/पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृ (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund): having done/made
तथाthus; accordingly
तथा:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण): ‘so/in that manner’
उत्तरेin the north (side)
उत्तरे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘in/at the northern (side/place)’
वयःage; vigor
वयः:
Visheshya within compound (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
TypeNoun
Rootवयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; here as qualifier in compound with following (age/strength)
त्रिंशत्कोटिगणैःby groups of thirty crores
त्रिंशत्कोटिगणैः:
Karana/Agent (Instrument/agent/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिंशत् (संख्या/प्रातिपदिक) + कोटि (प्रातिपदिक) + गण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास (संख्यापूर्वक तत्पुरुष: त्रिंशत्-कोटि-गण = groups of thirty crores); पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन
मुक्तम्released; poured
मुक्तम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमुच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘released/poured’ (qualifies ‘जलम्’)
तत्that
तत्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; demonstrative qualifying ‘तीर्थजम्/जलम्’
तीर्थजम्arising from the sacred ford
तीर्थजम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (तीर्थ-ज = born from/coming from a tīrtha); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘जलम्’
जलम्water
जलम्:
Karma/Karta in passive (Patient-subject/कर्म-कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; subject in passive sense with ‘मुक्तम्’
Speaker

Narrative voice (continuing Mārkaṇḍeya’s account)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Devakhāta (explicit in next verse; implied here)

Type: kund

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A grand scene of countless deva-hosts completing the northern excavation and releasing the gathered tīrtha-waters into it; the reservoir fills like a small inland sea, shimmering with sanctity.

Characters & Entities
D
Devas
D
Devakhāta (khāta)
T
Tīrtha-water

FAQs

Collective dharmic action—guided by the divine—establishes enduring sacred resources for the world.

The newly made northern ‘khāta’ filled with tīrtha-water, identified in-context as Devakhāta.

Construct the reservoir and pour in the gathered tīrtha-waters as an act of consecration.

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