Rig Veda 6.46.10 — Mandala 6, Sukta 46, Mantra 10

Sukta 6.46

Rishi: Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ये गव्यता मनसा शत्रुमादभुरभिप्रघ्नन्ति धृष्णुया । अध स्मा नो मघवन्निन्द्र गिर्वणस्तनूपा अन्तमो भव ॥

Transliteration

yé gavyatā́ manásā śátrum ādabhúr abhi-praghnánti dhṛṣṇu-yā́ | ádha smā no maghavann indra girvaṇas tanū-pā́ ántamo bhava ||

Translation

Die, die mit dem nach den Licht‑Kühen suchenden Sinn den Feind im kühnen Ansturm niederwerfen — dann, o Maghavan, Indra, Girvanas, werde uns der innerste Hüter des leibhaftigen Wesens.

Word by Word

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika) → य-

• गव्यता: with cattle-seeking (intent), for cattle
• गव्यता: करण
• Type: Noun (abstract/collective) / Adjectival noun
• Root: गव्यत् (prātipadika; from गो ‘cow’ + -व्यत्, ‘seeking/going after’)

• मनसा: with the mind
• मनसा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (prātipadika)

• शत्रुम्: the enemy
• शत्रुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु (prātipadika)

• आदभुः: they have harmed/overpowered
• आदभुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: दभ् (धातु) ‘to harm, deceive’ with preverb आ-

• अभिप्रघ्नन्ति: they strike down, smite
• अभिप्रघ्नन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) ‘to strike/kill’ with preverbs अभि-प्र-

• धृष्णुया: with bold force / daringly
• धृष्णुया: करण
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially/instrumental)
• Root: धृष्णु (prātipadika) ‘bold, daring, impetuous’

• अध: then, now
• अध: सम्बन्ध/वाक्योपपत्ति
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अध (avyaya)

• स्म: indeed, just
• स्म: सम्बन्ध/वाक्योपपत्ति
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म (avyaya)

• नः: to us / our
• नः: सम्प्रदान (as ‘to us’)/सम्बन्ध (as ‘of us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (sarvanāma) → नः

• मघवन्: O bountiful one
• मघवन्: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: मघवन् (prātipadika; epithet of Indra ‘bountiful’)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (prātipadika)

• गिर्वणः: O hymn-praised one
• गिर्वणः: सम्बोधन
• Type: Adjective (vocative epithet)
• Root: गिर्वणस् (prātipadika; ‘praised with songs/hymns’)

• तनूपाः: body-guardians, protectors of our persons
• तनूपाः: कर्तृ (of ‘भव’ as predicate-nominative) / विशेषण
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: तनूपा (prātipadika; ‘body-protecting’, from तनू + पा ‘protector’)

• अन्तमः: the nearest / the most intimate
• अन्तमः: प्रेडिकेट-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (superlative)
• Root: अन्तम (prātipadika; superlative of अन्त ‘near/end’)

• भव: be (become)
• भव: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु) ‘to be, become’