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Rig Veda 10.31.11: Mandala 10, Sukta 31, Mantra 11

Sukta 10.31

Rishi: Kavaṣa Ailūṣa (traditional; uncertain); explicit mention of Kaṇva suggests intertextual linkage to Kaṇva seer-family
Devata: Ṛta as governing principle; luminous power (ruśat) overcoming kṛṣṇa (darkness); nṛ-sad powers (divinities seated in man)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उत कण्वं नृषदः पुत्रमाहुरुत श्यावो धनमादत्त वाजी । प्र कृष्णाय रुशदपिन्वतोधॠतमत्र नकिरस्मा अपीपेत् ॥

Transliteration

utá káṇvaṃ nṛ-sádaḥ putrám āhuḥ utá śyā́vo dhánam ā́datta vājī́ | prá kṛṣṇā́ya rúśad apinvátodhá ṛtám atra nákir asmai apīpet ||

Translation

Und auch Kaṇva nennen sie den Sohn der unter den Männern Sitzenden Mächte; und Śyāva, der Renner, hat den Reichtum genommen. Für den Dunklen hat der Leuchtende das Euter gefüllt und ausgegossen; hier hat niemand ihm das ṛta geschmälert — sein wahrer Zuwachs bleibt bewahrt.

Word by Word
उतand; also
उत:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
कण्वम्Kanva (the seer)
कण्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (proper name)
Rootकण्व (प्रातिपदिक)
नृषदःNṛṣad (name/epithet: ‘sitting among men’)
नृषदः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/epithet
Rootनृषद् (प्रातिपदिक; नृ- + सद्)
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
आहुःthey have said; they call
आहुः:
—
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (धातु; ‘to say’)
उतand; also
उत:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
श्यावःŚyāva (the dark one; a person/epithet)
श्यावः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (proper name/epithet)
Rootश्याव (प्रातिपदिक)
धनम्wealth; prize
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन (प्रातिपदिक)
आदत्तtook; seized; received
आदत्त:
—
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु) + आ- (उपसर्ग)
वाजीthe prize-winner; racer; vigorous one
वाजी:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रforth; forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र
कृष्णायfor/to the black one (Kṛṣṇa)
कृष्णाय:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
रुशत्shining; bright
रुशत्:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (participle)
Rootरुश् (धातु; ‘to shine, be bright’) → रुशत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
अपिन्वतmade swell; strengthened; filled
अपिन्वत:
—
TypeVerb
Rootपिव्/पिन् (धातु; ‘to swell, make abound’) + अपि- (उपसर्ग)
उदup; out
उद:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउद्
ऋतम्ṛta; cosmic order; truth
ऋतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक)
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
नकिःno one
नकिः:
Kartā
TypeIndeclinable/Pronoun-like
Rootनकिस् (प्रातिपदिक/avyaya-pronoun)
अस्मैto him
अस्मै:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअयम्/इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्मद्
अपीपेत्drank; would drink
अपीपेत्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootपा (धातु; ‘to drink’) + अपि- (उपसर्ग)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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