Rig Veda 1.36.20: Mandala 1, Sukta 36, Mantra 20

Sukta 1.36

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva-pravara tradition; hymn cycle associated with the Kaṇvas in Maṇḍala 1)

Devata: Agni (with emphasis on his flames as instruments of purification and protection)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verse-length and cadence consistent with many Agni stanzas in this section)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

त्वेषासो अग्नेरमवन्तो अर्चयो भीमासो न प्रतीतये । रक्षस्विनः सदमिद्यातुमावतो विश्वं समत्रिणं दह ॥

Transliteration

tvéṣāso agnér ámavanto arcáyo bhīmā́so ná pratī́taye | rakṣasvínaḥ sádam íd yātumā́vato víśvaṃ sám atríṇaṃ daha ||

Translation

O Agni, deine gleißenden Flammen, voll Kraft, steigen empor – furchtbar allem Widerstand. Verbrenne gänzlich die ganze verzehrende Finsternis: die Mächte der Rakṣasas, die zauberischen Verdreher, alles, was nach krummem Willen sich regt.

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Word by Word

• त्वेषासः: the blazing ones
• त्वेषासः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: त्वेष (प्रातिपदिक) < √त्विष् (दीप्तौ/तेजने)

• अग्नेः: of Agni
• अग्नेः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमवन्तः: possessing might / strong
• अमवन्तः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अम (प्रातिपदिक ‘बल/सहाय’) + वन्त् (मतुप्)

• अर्चयः: flames, rays
• अर्चयः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्चि (प्रातिपदिक ‘किरण/ज्वाला’)

• भीमासः: terrible, fearsome
• भीमासः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Particle/Indeclinable (comparative)
• Root: न

• प्रतीतये: for recognition/assurance (for being perceived)
• प्रतीतये: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतीति (प्रातिपदिक) < प्रति-√इ (गत्यर्थ) / √इ (गत्यर्थ) (भाव)

• रक्षस्विनः: the guardians/protectors
• रक्षस्विनः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: रक्षस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक) < रक्षस् + इन्

• सदम्: always
• सदम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदम् (अव्यय ‘सदा/नित्यं’)

• इद्: indeed, just
• इद्: —
• Type: Particle/Indeclinable (emphatic)
• Root: इद्

• यातुमावतः: those possessing yātu (sorcery/demonic power)
• यातुमावतः: कर्म
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: यातुमावत् (प्रातिपदिक) < यातु (दemon/witchcraft) + मावत् (मतुप्)

• विश्वम्: all, the whole
• विश्वम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Preverb/Indeclinable
• Root: सम्

• अत्रिणम्: the devourer/demon (Atrin)
• अत्रिणम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अत्रि’/‘भक्षक’ → ‘राक्षस/दस्यु’ in RV usage)

• दह: burn (you)!
• दह: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दह् (दाहे)