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Shloka 2

कौशल्याविलापः

Kausalya’s Lament and the Vision of Rama’s Return

राघवे नरशार्दूले विषमुप्त्वाहिजिह्मगा।विचरिष्यति कैकेयी निर्मुक्तेव हि पन्नगी।।।।

rāghave naraśārdūle viṣam uptvā ahijihmagā |

vicariṣyati kaikeyī nirmukteva hi pannagī ||

Krumm wie eine Schlange hat Kaikeyī ihr Gift über Rāghava, den Tiger unter den Menschen, gegossen; und nun wird sie, wie eine Schlangin, die ihre Haut abgestreift hat, zügellos umherstreifen.

राघवेin/with regard to Rāghava (Rama)
राघवे:
अधिकरण (Locative locus: 'in/with regard to Rāghava')
TypeNoun
Rootराघव (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formपुंलिङ्गः; सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative); एकवचनम् (Singular)
नरशार्दूलेin the tiger among men (i.e., in Rama)
नरशार्दूले:
अधिकरण (Locative in apposition to राघवे)
TypeNoun
Rootनर + शार्दूल (प्रातिपदिके)
Formपुंलिङ्गः; सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative); एकवचनम् (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (नराणां शार्दूलः = 'tiger among men')
विषम्poison, venom
विषम्:
कर्म (Object of उप्त्वा)
TypeNoun
Rootविष (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative); एकवचनम् (Singular)
उप्त्वाhaving sown/scattered
उप्त्वा:
पूर्वकाल (Prior action to main verb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवप् (धातुः) → उप्त्वा (क्त्वान्तः अव्ययभावः)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्तम् अव्ययम् (Gerund/Absolutive); धातुः: वप् (to sow/scatter); अर्थः: 'कृत्वा/समाप्य' (having done)
अहिजिह्मगाthe serpent-like (woman), moving obliquely
अहिजिह्मगा:
कर्ता (Subject of विचरिष्यति)
TypeNoun
Rootअहि + जिह्म + गा (प्रातिपदिकम्; गा = गमनशील/गामिनी)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative); एकवचनम् (Singular); कर्मधारयः (अहिरिव जिह्मा गा = 'serpent-like, moving obliquely')
विचरिष्यतिwill wander/roam about
विचरिष्यति:
क्रिया (Main action)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + चर् (धातुः)
Formलृट्-लकारः (Simple Future); प्रथम-पुरुषः (3rd person); एकवचनम् (Singular); परस्मैपदम्
कैकेयीKaikeyi
कैकेयी:
कर्ता (Subject in apposition to अहिजिह्मगा)
TypeNoun
Rootकैकेयी (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative); एकवचनम् (Singular)
निर्मुक्ताcast off, freed (from the slough)
निर्मुक्ता:
विशेषण (Qualifier of पन्नगी)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि + मुच् (धातुः) → निर्मुक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formभूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (Past Passive Participle); स्त्रीलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम्; (पन्नगी-विशेषणम्)
इवlike, as
इव:
सम्बन्ध (Simile marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्ययम्)
Formउपमा-अव्ययम् (comparative particle: 'like/as')
हिindeed, for
हि:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्ययम्)
Formनिपातः (particle; emphasis/indeed/for)
पन्नगीa she-serpent
पन्नगी:
उपमान (Standard of comparison for अहिजिह्मगा/कैकेयी)
TypeNoun
Rootपन्नग (प्रातिपदिकम्)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative); एकवचनम् (Singular)

O valiant one, in my previous birth I must have undoubtedly hacked off the udders of cows when the calves were thirsting for milk from their mothers.

R
Rama (Raghava)
K
Kaikeyi

FAQs

The verse warns that adharma—deceit and malice within the household—spreads like poison. Dharma in a royal family requires restraint, truthfulness, and protection of the innocent, not the unleashing of destructive intent.

After Kaikeyi’s boons have compelled Dasharatha to exile Rama, Kausalya laments to Dasharatha, portraying Kaikeyi as a serpent that has struck and now moves freely.

By contrast to Kaikeyi’s ‘crookedness,’ Rama’s implied virtue is steadiness and righteousness—he is the ‘tiger among men’ who receives undeserved harm yet remains aligned with dharma.